{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2411051863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2940716.2940774","title":"Procrastination with Variable Present Bias","display_name":"Procrastination with Variable Present Bias","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2411051863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2940716.2940774","mag":"2411051863"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2940716.2940774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2940716.2940774","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on Economics and Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010685949","display_name":"Nick Gravin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3845-947X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nick Gravin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009111822","display_name":"Nicole Immorlica","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4180-4657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600948","display_name":"Microsoft Research New England (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/010wkqn50","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4400600948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicole Immorlica","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research New England, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research New England, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4400600948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082964830","display_name":"Brendan Lucier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3497-0875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600948","display_name":"Microsoft Research New England (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/010wkqn50","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4400600948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brendan Lucier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research New England, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research New England, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4400600948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048908687","display_name":"Emmanouil Pountourakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5023-1099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanouil Pountourakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010685949"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3499,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87985866,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"361","last_page":"361"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10841","display_name":"Economic and Environmental Valuation","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procrastination","display_name":"Procrastination","score":0.7230629920959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.612721860408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discounting","display_name":"Discounting","score":0.5338733196258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4983968734741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4666364789009094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.44981059432029724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monotonic-function","display_name":"Monotonic function","score":0.4295777678489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.37560784816741943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.36277782917022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.33892107009887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2164154350757599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21365854144096375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.17602455615997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.16578587889671326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.12437784671783447}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194279344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330104","display_name":"Procrastination","level":2,"score":0.7230629920959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.612721860408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6177178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10998070","display_name":"Discounting","level":2,"score":0.5338733196258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4983968734741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4666364789009094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.44981059432029724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72169020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194404","display_name":"Monotonic function","level":2,"score":0.4295777678489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.37560784816741943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.36277782917022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.33892107009887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2164154350757599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21365854144096375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.17602455615997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.16578587889671326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12437784671783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2940716.2940774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2940716.2940774","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on Economics and Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971014051","https://openalex.org/W2950337056"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229721065","https://openalex.org/W2400934819","https://openalex.org/W2767867988","https://openalex.org/W4253654988","https://openalex.org/W3094617551","https://openalex.org/W3112845144","https://openalex.org/W2885219768","https://openalex.org/W3122709426","https://openalex.org/W3036212301","https://openalex.org/W2911611190"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Individuals":[0],"working":[1],"towards":[2],"a":[3,33,66,82,92,122,181],"goal":[4,60,196],"often":[5],"exhibit":[6],"time":[7],"inconsistent":[8],"behavior,":[9],"making":[10],"plans":[11],"and":[12,87,101,188],"then":[13,143],"failing":[14],"to":[15,97,125,129,147,175,185,194],"follow":[16,52],"through.":[17],"One":[18],"well-known":[19],"model":[20,37,98],"of":[21,105,112,133],"such":[22],"behavioral":[23],"anomalies":[24],"is":[25,159],"present-bias":[26,71,140],"discounting:":[27],"individuals":[28,50],"over-weight":[29],"present":[30],"costs":[31],"by":[32],"bias":[34,152],"factor.":[35],"This":[36],"explains":[38],"many":[39,48],"time-inconsistent":[40],"behaviors,":[41],"but":[42],"can":[43,73],"make":[44],"stark":[45],"predictions":[46],"in":[47,68,190],"settings:":[49],"either":[51],"the":[53,70,103,108,113,117,131,134,151,156,170,186,192,195],"most":[54],"efficient":[55],"plan":[56],"for":[57,138],"reaching":[58],"their":[59],"or":[61,163],"procrastinate":[62],"indefinitely.":[63],"We":[64,120,142,165],"propose":[65],"modification":[67],"which":[69,155,191],"parameter":[72],"vary":[74],"over":[75],"time,":[76],"drawn":[77],"independently":[78],"each":[79],"step":[80],"from":[81],"fixed":[83],"distribution.":[84,141],"Following":[85],"Kleinberg":[86],"Oren":[88],"(2014),":[89],"we":[90],"use":[91,121],"weighted":[93],"{\\it":[94],"task":[95,99,136,171],"graph}":[96],"planning,":[100],"measure":[102],"cost":[104,111],"procrastination":[106,177],"as":[107],"relative":[109],"expected":[110],"chosen":[114],"path":[115],"versus":[116],"optimal":[118,126],"path.":[119,201],"novel":[123],"connection":[124],"pricing":[127],"theory":[128],"describe":[130],"structure":[132,146],"worst-case":[135,157],"graph":[137,172],"any":[139,200],"leverage":[144],"this":[145],"derive":[148],"conditions":[149,168],"on":[150,169,199],"distribution":[153],"under":[154],"ratio":[158],"exponential":[160],"(in":[161],"time)":[162],"constant.":[164],"also":[166],"examine":[167],"that":[173],"lead":[174],"improved":[176],"ratios:":[178],"graphs":[179,189],"with":[180],"uniformly":[182],"bounded":[183],"distance":[184,193],"goal,":[187],"monotonically":[197],"decreases":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
