{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2462192250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2931037.2931043","title":"Semantic modelling of Android malware for effective malware comprehension, detection, and classification","display_name":"Semantic modelling of Android malware for effective malware comprehension, detection, and classification","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2462192250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2931037.2931043","mag":"2462192250"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2931037.2931043","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2931037.2931043","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017417068","display_name":"Guozhu Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6388-2571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guozhu Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083669929","display_name":"Yinxing Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-7151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinxing Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049629263","display_name":"Zhengzi Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8390-7518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengzi Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355692","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-9215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436880","display_name":"Jie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2979-3182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044504418","display_name":"A. Sankara Narayanan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8452-3703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annamalai Narayanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017417068"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.322,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98177921,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"306","last_page":"317"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9757000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.9533026218414307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.828184962272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android-malware","display_name":"Android malware","score":0.7985217571258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptovirology","display_name":"Cryptovirology","score":0.6341918110847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.5834956169128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4893767237663269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4709036350250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware-analysis","display_name":"Malware analysis","score":0.45553991198539734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4452897310256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.30999451875686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08183857798576355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.9533026218414307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.828184962272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989133298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android malware","level":3,"score":0.7985217571258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3506050","display_name":"Cryptovirology","level":3,"score":0.6341918110847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.5834956169128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4893767237663269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4709036350250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779395397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15731404","display_name":"Malware analysis","level":3,"score":0.45553991198539734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4452897310256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.30999451875686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08183857798576355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2931037.2931043","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2931037.2931043","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31472457","https://openalex.org/W121173099","https://openalex.org/W135031542","https://openalex.org/W155698376","https://openalex.org/W183494281","https://openalex.org/W202924988","https://openalex.org/W1026502902","https://openalex.org/W1445387515","https://openalex.org/W1521923248","https://openalex.org/W1578479379","https://openalex.org/W1731774687","https://openalex.org/W1923961922","https://openalex.org/W1943233084","https://openalex.org/W1963971515","https://openalex.org/W1969153299","https://openalex.org/W1971497680","https://openalex.org/W1976596267","https://openalex.org/W1980767016","https://openalex.org/W1982773740","https://openalex.org/W1985686072","https://openalex.org/W1990090830","https://openalex.org/W1990649188","https://openalex.org/W1993673250","https://openalex.org/W2002478203","https://openalex.org/W2010749389","https://openalex.org/W2017796755","https://openalex.org/W2061686014","https://openalex.org/W2064038877","https://openalex.org/W2070386561","https://openalex.org/W2071536101","https://openalex.org/W2083755826","https://openalex.org/W2088479623","https://openalex.org/W2091540464","https://openalex.org/W2093882311","https://openalex.org/W2119467398","https://openalex.org/W2122672392","https://openalex.org/W2125011234","https://openalex.org/W2125260159","https://openalex.org/W2127723417","https://openalex.org/W2128782367","https://openalex.org/W2137644153","https://openalex.org/W2140095007","https://openalex.org/W2152149943","https://openalex.org/W2154021641","https://openalex.org/W2166743230","https://openalex.org/W2168103835","https://openalex.org/W2216498498","https://openalex.org/W2247654784","https://openalex.org/W2398484989","https://openalex.org/W2399891510","https://openalex.org/W2911964244"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2469507153","https://openalex.org/W2008790809","https://openalex.org/W2160963033","https://openalex.org/W3195312353","https://openalex.org/W3022706011","https://openalex.org/W2909615516","https://openalex.org/W2768892939","https://openalex.org/W2717179875","https://openalex.org/W4249118297","https://openalex.org/W3200508744"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Malware":[0],"has":[1],"posed":[2],"a":[3,36,69],"major":[4],"threat":[5],"to":[6,23,110,114],"the":[7,28,50,64,75,107,115,120],"Android":[8,41],"ecosystem.":[9],"Existing":[10],"malware":[11,42,53,70,76,99,112,124,148,154,171],"detection":[12,55],"tools":[13,146],"mainly":[14],"rely":[15],"on":[16,44,79],"signature-":[17],"or":[18],"feature-":[19],"based":[20,43],"approaches,":[21],"failing":[22],"provide":[24],"detailed":[25],"information":[26],"beyond":[27],"mere":[29],"detection.":[30,149],"In":[31],"this":[32],"work,":[33],"we":[34,81],"propose":[35],"precise":[37],"semantic":[38,96,104,137],"model":[39],"of":[40,52,68],"Deterministic":[45],"Symbolic":[46],"Automaton":[47],"(DSA)":[48],"for":[49],"purpose":[51],"comprehension,":[54],"and":[56,94,101,126,139,144,173],"classification.":[57],"It":[58],"shows":[59],"that":[60,133,158],"DSA":[61,91,109],"can":[62],"capture":[63],"common":[65],"malicious":[66],"behaviors":[67],"family,":[71],"as":[72,74],"well":[73],"variants.":[77],"Based":[78],"DSA,":[80],"develop":[82],"an":[83],"automatic":[84],"analysis":[85],"framework,":[86],"named":[87],"SMART,":[88],"which":[89],"learns":[90],"by":[92,161],"detecting":[93],"summarizing":[95],"clones":[97],"from":[98,106],"families,":[100],"then":[102],"extracts":[103],"features":[105],"learned":[108],"classify":[111],"according":[113],"attack":[116],"patterns.":[117],"We":[118],"conduct":[119],"experiments":[121],"in":[122,147,155],"both":[123,141],"benchmark":[125],"223,170":[127],"real-world":[128,156],"apps.":[129],"The":[130,165],"results":[131],"show":[132],"SMART":[134,150],"builds":[135],"meaningful":[136],"models":[138],"outperforms":[140],"state-of-the-art":[142],"approaches":[143],"anti-virus":[145,163],"identifies":[151,169],"4583":[152],"new":[153,170],"apps":[157],"are":[159],"missed":[160],"most":[162],"tools.":[164],"classification":[166],"step":[167],"further":[168],"variants":[172],"unknown":[174],"families.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}