{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2426339185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2925995.2926033","title":"Uncovering the Competency of Middle Managers in Different Business Environments","display_name":"Uncovering the Competency of Middle Managers in Different Business Environments","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2426339185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2925995.2926033","mag":"2426339185"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2925995.2926033","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2925995.2926033","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the The 11th International Knowledge Management in Organizations Conference on The changing face of Knowledge Management Impacting Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037888707","display_name":"Yasuhiro Sasaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6189-3342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113974858","display_name":"Mitsubishi Research Institute (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02vq4f039","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113974858","https://openalex.org/I1306287861"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yasuhiro Sasaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Management Consulting Division, Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc., 2-10-3, Nagata-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8141, Japan, Tel: +81-3-6705-5779"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Management Consulting Division, Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc., 2-10-3, Nagata-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8141, Japan, Tel: +81-3-6705-5779","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113974858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032591212","display_name":"Masaaki Kunigami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7377-622X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaaki Kunigami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology. 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology. 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047212595","display_name":"Takao Terano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2364-6950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takao Terano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology. 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology. 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037888707"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113974858"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04403537,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14074","display_name":"Persona Design and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14074","display_name":"Persona Design and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11114","display_name":"Service and Product Innovation","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13151","display_name":"Business Strategies and Innovation","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5757832527160645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boss","display_name":"Boss","score":0.5732508301734924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5640841722488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.5460200905799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5168919563293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-management","display_name":"Middle management","score":0.5076624155044556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persona","display_name":"Persona","score":0.48287633061408997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-resource-management","display_name":"Human resource management","score":0.4497032165527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4358518123626709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-resources","display_name":"Human resources","score":0.43561992049217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4157350957393646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.16072618961334229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1475694477558136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.09422510862350464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5757832527160645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777020290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4947493","display_name":"Boss","level":2,"score":0.5732508301734924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5640841722488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.5460200905799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5168919563293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160682292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q999897","display_name":"Middle management","level":2,"score":0.5076624155044556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C313442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778556","display_name":"Persona","level":2,"score":0.48287633061408997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202372285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056396","display_name":"Human resource management","level":2,"score":0.4497032165527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4358518123626709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107645774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5467169","display_name":"Human resources","level":2,"score":0.43561992049217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4157350957393646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.16072618961334229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1475694477558136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.09422510862350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2925995.2926033","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2925995.2926033","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the The 11th International Knowledge Management in Organizations Conference on The changing face of Knowledge Management Impacting Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538821400","https://openalex.org/W1566953645","https://openalex.org/W1592821266","https://openalex.org/W1877093828","https://openalex.org/W2042467489","https://openalex.org/W3007803895"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3037873431","https://openalex.org/W2760605468","https://openalex.org/W2075701282","https://openalex.org/W4296898177","https://openalex.org/W4312465432","https://openalex.org/W574269634","https://openalex.org/W2604405318","https://openalex.org/W2027672632","https://openalex.org/W2563554688","https://openalex.org/W2347253824"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Top":[0],"management":[1,246],"is":[2,13,111,116,128,150],"important":[3],"in":[4,39,106,155,172,243],"an":[5,164],"organization,":[6],"but":[7],"the":[8,23,40,85,125,132,144,180,183,211,215,219,249,254],"role":[9],"of":[10,25,42,45,69,81,88,99,135,146,166,185,200,251],"middle":[11,27],"managers":[12],"also":[14,93],"important.":[15],"In":[16],"this":[17,156],"paper,":[18],"we":[19,158,176],"focus":[20],"on":[21],"identifying":[22],"characteristics":[24],"a":[26,89,121,147,167,186,198,207,227,233,240],"manager":[28],"or":[29],"\"workplace":[30],"leader.\"":[31],"The":[32,59],"workplace":[33,60,90,104,122,169,187,234],"leader":[34,61,91,170,188],"needs":[35,48],"to":[36,49,83,103,113,118,162,178,190,196,218],"be":[37,67],"proficient":[38],"business":[41,75,126],"their":[43,54,57],"place":[44,80],"work,":[46],"and":[47,56,66,95,131,138,214,223,231],"maintain":[50],"good":[51],"relations":[52],"between":[53],"boss":[55],"subordinates.":[58],"must":[62],"learn":[63],"various":[64,133],"skills":[65],"capable":[68],"using":[70],"those":[71,202],"skills.":[72],"However,":[73],"because":[74],"environment":[76,127],"changes":[77],"from":[78],"one":[79],"work":[82,221],"another,":[84],"capabilities":[86,101,184],"required":[87,100],"are":[92,141],"varied,":[94],"no":[96],"single":[97],"list":[98],"applies":[102,210],"leaders":[105],"all":[107,173],"situations.":[108],"Additionally,":[109],"it":[110,226],"difficult":[112],"agree":[114],"who":[115],"suited":[117],"serve":[119],"as":[120],"leader.":[123],"Because":[124],"rapidly":[129],"changeable":[130],"conditions":[134],"industry":[136],"type":[137],"occupational":[139],"description":[140],"intricately":[142],"entangled,":[143],"establishment":[145],"general":[148],"method":[149,199,208],"difficult.":[151],"Given":[152],"these":[153],"difficulties,":[154],"research":[157],"do":[159],"not":[160],"aim":[161,177,195],"specify":[163],"image":[165],"universal":[168],"applicable":[171],"organizations.":[174],"Here":[175],"probe":[179],"requirements":[181],"for":[182],"peculiar":[189],"each":[191],"organization.":[192],"We":[193,205],"further":[194,224],"develop":[197],"prioritizing":[201],"capability":[203],"requirements.":[204],"propose":[206],"that":[209,253],"\"persona":[212],"technique\"":[213],"\"orthogonal":[216],"array\"":[217],"extracted":[220],"competency":[222,252],"assigns":[225],"priority.":[228],"When":[229],"determining":[230],"selecting":[232],"leader,":[235],"without":[236],"long":[237],"meaningless":[238],"discussion,":[239],"decision-maker":[241],"involved":[242],"human":[244],"resource":[245],"can":[247],"clarify":[248],"priorities":[250],"members":[255],"recognize.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
