{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2330958039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2925426.2926294","title":"Proteus","display_name":"Proteus","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2330958039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2925426.2926294","mag":"2330958039"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2925426.2926294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2925426.2926294","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Supercomputing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090235913","display_name":"Patrick Judd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8177-200X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Judd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005950098","display_name":"Jorge Albericio","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Albericio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034060699","display_name":"Tayler Hetherington","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tayler Hetherington","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026788167","display_name":"Tor M. Aamodt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1161-692X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tor M. Aamodt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060103552","display_name":"Natalie Enright Jerger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0526-2080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalie Enright Jerger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072544251","display_name":"Andreas Moshovos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7768-367X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Moshovos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7577372789382935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-footprint","display_name":"Memory footprint","score":0.5813225507736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.5354716181755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4921526312828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.45957207679748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.45406150817871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proteus","display_name":"Proteus","score":0.43284493684768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.42446184158325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.4228295087814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.37805092334747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.37484410405158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3477477729320526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1507924199104309}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7577372789382935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74912251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815727","display_name":"Memory footprint","level":2,"score":0.5813225507736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.5354716181755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4921526312828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.45957207679748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.45406150817871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779464495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132229","display_name":"Proteus","level":4,"score":0.43284493684768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.42446184158325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.4228295087814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.37805092334747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.37484410405158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3477477729320526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1507924199104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547475151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25419","display_name":"Escherichia coli","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2925426.2926294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2925426.2926294","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Supercomputing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22040386","https://openalex.org/W134384631","https://openalex.org/W1590034551","https://openalex.org/W1605005685","https://openalex.org/W1720204209","https://openalex.org/W1799366690","https://openalex.org/W1841592590","https://openalex.org/W1970027940","https://openalex.org/W2006312753","https://openalex.org/W2025201350","https://openalex.org/W2048266589","https://openalex.org/W2075960179","https://openalex.org/W2093043622","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2112016429","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2130017646","https://openalex.org/W2147768505","https://openalex.org/W2152839228","https://openalex.org/W2153039279","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2161488606","https://openalex.org/W2162639668","https://openalex.org/W2162752393","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2246760854","https://openalex.org/W2285660444","https://openalex.org/W2407022425","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2950656546","https://openalex.org/W2950769435","https://openalex.org/W2964299589","https://openalex.org/W6638783484","https://openalex.org/W6674914833","https://openalex.org/W6677192272"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2419441924","https://openalex.org/W2120447654","https://openalex.org/W2977179488","https://openalex.org/W2369533376","https://openalex.org/W2144453115","https://openalex.org/W2357348897","https://openalex.org/W2235158164","https://openalex.org/W2128223750","https://openalex.org/W2929170389","https://openalex.org/W2748428003"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,32,46],"work":[1,47],"exploits":[2],"the":[3,52,81,85,103,108,113],"tolerance":[4],"of":[5,24],"Deep":[6],"Neural":[7],"Networks":[8],"(DNNs)":[9],"to":[10,21,125],"reduced":[11,63],"precision":[12,26],"numerical":[13,104],"representations":[14,23],"and":[15,55,65,84,112,121,147],"specifically,":[16],"their":[17],"recently":[18],"demonstrated":[19],"ability":[20],"tolerate":[22],"different":[25,75],"per":[27,77],"layer":[28,78],"while":[29],"maintaining":[30],"accuracy.":[31],"flexibility":[33],"enables":[34],"improvements":[35],"over":[36,96],"conventional":[37],"DNN":[38,70,98,109,141],"implementations":[39,99],"that":[40,100],"use":[41],"a":[42,74,93,136,144],"single,":[43],"uniform":[44],"representation.":[45],"proposes":[48],"Proteus,":[49],"which":[50],"reduces":[51],"data":[53,82,123],"traffic":[54],"storage":[56],"footprint":[57],"needed":[58],"by":[59,89,107],"DNNs,":[60],"resulting":[61],"in":[62],"energy":[64],"improved":[66],"area":[67],"efficiency":[68],"for":[69,79,140],"implementations.":[71],"Proteus":[72,91,134],"uses":[73,135],"representation":[76,105,117],"both":[80],"(neurons)":[83],"weights":[86],"(synapses)":[87],"processed":[88],"DNNs.":[90],"is":[92],"layered":[94],"extension":[95],"existing":[97],"converts":[101],"between":[102],"used":[106,118],"execution":[110],"engines":[111],"shorter,":[114],"layer-specific":[115],"fixed-point":[116],"when":[119],"reading":[120],"writing":[122],"values":[124],"memory":[126,138],"be":[127],"it":[128],"on-chip":[129],"buffers":[130],"or":[131],"off-chip":[132],"memory.":[133],"novel":[137],"layout":[139],"data,":[142],"enabling":[143],"simple,":[145],"low-cost":[146],"low-energy":[148],"conversion":[149],"unit.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
