{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2340997632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2911451.2911512","title":"Multi-Stage Math Formula Search","display_name":"Multi-Stage Math Formula Search","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2340997632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2911451.2911512","mag":"2340997632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2911451.2911512","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2911451.2911512","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 39th International ACM SIGIR conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084564610","display_name":"Richard Zanibbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5921-9750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard Zanibbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025444128","display_name":"Kenny Davila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6308-7113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenny Davila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062391092","display_name":"Andrew W. Kane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3102-4267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Kane","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000681085","display_name":"Frank Wm. Tompa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-9535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Wm. Tompa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084564610"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1656,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96453901,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"145","last_page":"154"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9631999731063843,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.6789606809616089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6673151254653931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6335012912750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6070433855056763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flowchart","display_name":"Flowchart","score":0.6042988300323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5134811997413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5002524852752686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4596500098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3871086835861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34370994567871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebra-over-a-field","display_name":"Algebra over a field","score":0.33018094301223755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09261351823806763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.08830821514129639}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.6789606809616089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6673151254653931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6335012912750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6070433855056763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72041958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185092","display_name":"Flowchart","level":2,"score":0.6042988300323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5134811997413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5002524852752686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4596500098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3871086835861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34370994567871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.33018094301223755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09261351823806763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.08830821514129639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2911451.2911512","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2911451.2911512","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 39th International ACM SIGIR conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W145372779","https://openalex.org/W1501292707","https://openalex.org/W1536314643","https://openalex.org/W1560857865","https://openalex.org/W1593320022","https://openalex.org/W1620710625","https://openalex.org/W1975489634","https://openalex.org/W1984604689","https://openalex.org/W2000431947","https://openalex.org/W2028681257","https://openalex.org/W2031071334","https://openalex.org/W2050778532","https://openalex.org/W2065005579","https://openalex.org/W2065472179","https://openalex.org/W2072193005","https://openalex.org/W2083798195","https://openalex.org/W2084318847","https://openalex.org/W2102693936","https://openalex.org/W2118274478","https://openalex.org/W2140313579","https://openalex.org/W2154610494","https://openalex.org/W2156279742","https://openalex.org/W2271797477","https://openalex.org/W2400955359","https://openalex.org/W2403741298","https://openalex.org/W2406680134","https://openalex.org/W4254803262","https://openalex.org/W6712647296","https://openalex.org/W6713259660"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115906794","https://openalex.org/W2109215547","https://openalex.org/W2131878319","https://openalex.org/W1992202691","https://openalex.org/W2323840003","https://openalex.org/W2188108885","https://openalex.org/W2381593765","https://openalex.org/W2798420800","https://openalex.org/W1199175235","https://openalex.org/W2906745059"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"using":[1,74,84],"a":[2,26,54,65],"mathematical":[3,23],"formula":[4,32,104],"for":[5,31,41,119],"search":[6],"(query-by-expression),":[7],"the":[8,36,46,68,85,88,101],"suitability":[9],"of":[10,112],"retrieved":[11],"formulae":[12,43,90],"often":[13],"depends":[14],"more":[15],"upon":[16,45],"symbol":[17,79],"identities":[18],"and":[19,50,107,115,128],"layout":[20,51],"than":[21],"deep":[22],"semantics.":[24],"Using":[25],"Symbol":[27],"Layout":[28],"Tree":[29],"representation":[30],"appearance,":[33],"we":[34],"propose":[35],"Maximum":[37],"Subtree":[38],"Similarity":[39],"(MSS)":[40],"ranking":[42,82],"based":[44],"subexpression":[47],"whose":[48],"symbols":[49],"best":[52],"match":[53],"query":[55],"formula.":[56],"Because":[57],"MSS":[58],"is":[59,108],"too":[60],"expensive":[61],"to":[62],"apply":[63],"against":[64],"complete":[66],"collection,":[67],"Tangent-3":[69,96],"system":[70],"first":[71],"retrieves":[72],"expressions":[73],"an":[75],"inverted":[76],"index":[77],"over":[78],"pair":[80],"relationships,":[81],"hits":[83],"Dice":[86],"coefficient;":[87],"top-k":[89],"are":[91],"then":[92],"re-ranked":[93],"by":[94],"MSS.":[95],"obtains":[97],"state-of-the-art":[98],"performance":[99],"on":[100],"NTCIR-11":[102],"Wikipedia":[103],"retrieval":[105],"benchmark,":[106],"efficient":[109],"in":[110],"terms":[111],"both":[113],"space":[114],"time.":[116],"Retrieval":[117],"systems":[118],"other":[120],"graphical":[121],"forms,":[122],"including":[123],"chemical":[124],"diagrams,":[125],"flowcharts,":[126],"figures,":[127],"tables,":[129],"may":[130],"benefit":[131],"from":[132],"adopting":[133],"this":[134],"approach.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}