{"id":"https://openalex.org/W108615132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2910585","title":"Convex Sparse PCA for Unsupervised Feature Learning","display_name":"Convex Sparse PCA for Unsupervised Feature Learning","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W108615132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2910585","mag":"108615132"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2910585","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2910585","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41523882","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","issn_l":"1556-4681","issn":["1556-4681","1556-472X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1411.6233","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034967388","display_name":"Xiaojun Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-8807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo NSW, Australia","University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003222421","display_name":"Feiping Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0871-6519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feiping Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005421447","display_name":"Yi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0512-880X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Technology, Ultimo NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Technology, Ultimo NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438525","display_name":"Chengqi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5715-7154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengqi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Technology, Ultimo NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Technology, Ultimo NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060016795","display_name":"Heng Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3483-8333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.9741,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":101,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98983546,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.7028999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.7028999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.06880000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.03460000082850456,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.7402260303497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-pca","display_name":"Sparse PCA","score":0.68247389793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.6743751764297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.6690468788146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6531631946563721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.6184645295143127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.6124237775802612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5996662378311157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5948684811592102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.5041466951370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robust-principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Robust principal component analysis","score":0.4780353009700775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4716338813304901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.42893990874290466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.42099010944366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.41382110118865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.21685707569122314}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.7402260303497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24252448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7573786","display_name":"Sparse PCA","level":3,"score":0.68247389793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.6743751764297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.6690468788146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6531631946563721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.6184645295143127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.6124237775802612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5996662378311157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5948684811592102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.5041466951370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777749129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17148469","display_name":"Robust principal component analysis","level":3,"score":0.4780353009700775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4716338813304901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.42893990874290466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.42099010944366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.41382110118865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.21685707569122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2910585","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2910585","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41523882","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","issn_l":"1556-4681","issn":["1556-4681","1556-472X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1411.6233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1411.6233","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1411.6233","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1411.6233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1411.6233","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1411.6233","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2037578385","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015CB352302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335741","display_name":"Data to Decisions Cooperative Research Centres","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62203920","https://openalex.org/W187956566","https://openalex.org/W191001584","https://openalex.org/W195665135","https://openalex.org/W309620940","https://openalex.org/W1501531539","https://openalex.org/W1769521267","https://openalex.org/W1920311463","https://openalex.org/W1961876782","https://openalex.org/W1964305049","https://openalex.org/W1968178977","https://openalex.org/W1975900269","https://openalex.org/W1984704936","https://openalex.org/W1992159177","https://openalex.org/W2009501510","https://openalex.org/W2012712694","https://openalex.org/W2036732842","https://openalex.org/W2043367171","https://openalex.org/W2044809283","https://openalex.org/W2048178552","https://openalex.org/W2056935845","https://openalex.org/W2066576934","https://openalex.org/W2080075071","https://openalex.org/W2096044434","https://openalex.org/W2097645701","https://openalex.org/W2098884960","https://openalex.org/W2103560185","https://openalex.org/W2109675189","https://openalex.org/W2113590298","https://openalex.org/W2113600901","https://openalex.org/W2118999189","https://openalex.org/W2121451737","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2122825543","https://openalex.org/W2123921160","https://openalex.org/W2128873747","https://openalex.org/W2131628350","https://openalex.org/W2135046866","https://openalex.org/W2141261622","https://openalex.org/W2142203883","https://openalex.org/W2149620660","https://openalex.org/W2153911183","https://openalex.org/W2158933803","https://openalex.org/W2169826737","https://openalex.org/W2171837816","https://openalex.org/W2208525479","https://openalex.org/W2244035566","https://openalex.org/W2949350267","https://openalex.org/W2950673872","https://openalex.org/W3124790153","https://openalex.org/W4237927139","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4396678544","https://openalex.org/W1576424959","https://openalex.org/W2302215559","https://openalex.org/W2463344124","https://openalex.org/W107071865","https://openalex.org/W4283792950","https://openalex.org/W2951443864","https://openalex.org/W2145962650","https://openalex.org/W4287904014","https://openalex.org/W3211643552"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Principal":[0,78],"component":[1],"analysis":[2],"(PCA)":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"widely":[6],"applied":[7],"to":[8,38,54,66,86,118,126,143,189,197],"dimensionality":[9],"reduction":[10],"and":[11,22,27,83,183,200],"data":[12],"pre-processing":[13],"for":[14,31],"different":[15],"applications":[16],"in":[17,136,150],"engineering,":[18],"biology,":[19],"social":[20],"science,":[21],"the":[23,35,40,56,61,105,107,115,120,127,132,146,153,159,168,174,194,212],"like.":[24],"Classical":[25],"PCA":[26,63,93,175],"its":[28],"variants":[29],"seek":[30],"linear":[32],"projections":[33],"of":[34,58,145,161,170],"original":[36,147],"variables":[37],"obtain":[39],"low-dimensional":[41],"feature":[42,87,172,198,218],"representations":[43],"with":[44,155],"maximal":[45],"variance.":[46],"One":[47],"limitation":[48],"is":[49,52,64,112,141,181],"that":[50,92,211],"it":[51,85],"difficult":[53],"interpret":[55],"results":[57,209],"PCA.":[59],"Besides,":[60],"classical":[62],"vulnerable":[65],"certain":[67],"noisy":[68],"data.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71],"paper,":[72],"we":[73,90,164,184],"propose":[74,185],"a":[75,98],"Convex":[76],"Sparse":[77],"Component":[79],"Analysis":[80],"(CSPCA)":[81],"algorithm":[82,188,196,214],"apply":[84,193],"learning.":[88],"First,":[89],"show":[91],"can":[94,165],"be":[95],"formulated":[96],"as":[97],"low-rank":[99],"regression":[100,121],"optimization":[101],"problem.":[102],"Based":[103],"on":[104,131,204],"discussion,":[106],"l":[108],"2,":[109],"1":[110],"-normminimization":[111],"incorporated":[113],"into":[114],"objective":[116,179],"function":[117,180],"make":[119],"coefficients":[122],"sparse,":[123],"thereby":[124],"robust":[125],"outliers.":[128],"Also,":[129],"based":[130],"sparse":[133],"model":[134],"used":[135],"CSPCA,":[137,163],"an":[138,186],"optimal":[139],"weight":[140],"assigned":[142],"each":[144,171],"feature,":[148],"which":[149],"turn":[151],"provides":[152],"output":[154,160],"good":[156],"interpretability.":[157],"With":[158],"our":[162],"effectively":[166],"analyze":[167],"importance":[169],"under":[173],"criteria.":[176],"Our":[177],"new":[178],"convex,":[182],"iterative":[187],"optimize":[190],"it.":[191],"We":[192],"CSPCA":[195],"selection":[199,219],"conduct":[201],"extensive":[202],"experiments":[203],"seven":[205],"benchmark":[206],"datasets.":[207],"Experimental":[208],"demonstrate":[210],"proposed":[213],"outperforms":[215],"state-of-the-art":[216],"unsupervised":[217],"algorithms.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}