{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2414287720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2908080.2908095","title":"Coverage-directed differential testing of JVM implementations","display_name":"Coverage-directed differential testing of JVM implementations","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2414287720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2908080.2908095","mag":"2414287720"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2908080.2908095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2908080.2908095","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 37th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436579","display_name":"Yuting Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9300-4606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuting Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043441209","display_name":"Ting Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-9796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101708632","display_name":"C. P. Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0862-2491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengnian Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Davis, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Davis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077610917","display_name":"Zhendong Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2970-1391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhendong Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Davis, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Davis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065190767","display_name":"Jianjun Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8083-4352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianjun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China / Kyushu University, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China / Kyushu University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100436579"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.2925,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":167,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99159523,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"85","last_page":"99"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7815669775009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.6726266145706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","score":0.5057706832885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.5039731860160828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4888545870780945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.41606569290161133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08592763543128967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7815669775009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.6726266145706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.5057706832885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.5039731860160828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4888545870780945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.41606569290161133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08592763543128967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2908080.2908095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2908080.2908095","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 37th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109452506","https://openalex.org/W157156687","https://openalex.org/W1527037001","https://openalex.org/W1531203382","https://openalex.org/W1572739102","https://openalex.org/W1585704789","https://openalex.org/W1668251704","https://openalex.org/W1704725902","https://openalex.org/W2016969992","https://openalex.org/W2024749145","https://openalex.org/W2030209155","https://openalex.org/W2043832938","https://openalex.org/W2054426341","https://openalex.org/W2056760934","https://openalex.org/W2071952624","https://openalex.org/W2081468517","https://openalex.org/W2095445208","https://openalex.org/W2096449544","https://openalex.org/W2098456636","https://openalex.org/W2098681203","https://openalex.org/W2108207895","https://openalex.org/W2121217767","https://openalex.org/W2131201793","https://openalex.org/W2138284121","https://openalex.org/W2139223589","https://openalex.org/W2142503704","https://openalex.org/W2151704521","https://openalex.org/W2155877593","https://openalex.org/W2161782580","https://openalex.org/W2169294765","https://openalex.org/W2170737051","https://openalex.org/W2294628582","https://openalex.org/W2550375157","https://openalex.org/W2912835941","https://openalex.org/W4237492309","https://openalex.org/W4238083723","https://openalex.org/W6604335577","https://openalex.org/W6606430823","https://openalex.org/W6631721891","https://openalex.org/W6634508966","https://openalex.org/W6637426933"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120447654","https://openalex.org/W2977179488","https://openalex.org/W2144453115","https://openalex.org/W2744553356","https://openalex.org/W2128223750","https://openalex.org/W4238532390","https://openalex.org/W2188872161","https://openalex.org/W2961779879","https://openalex.org/W797688974","https://openalex.org/W2002978035"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Java":[0,237],"virtual":[1],"machine":[2],"(JVM)":[3],"is":[4,10,30,62,104],"a":[5,85,111,136,145],"core":[6,102],"technology,":[7],"whose":[8],"reliability":[9],"critical.":[11],"Testing":[12],"JVM":[13,52,138,162,205,213,225,243],"implementations":[14,163],"requires":[15],"painstaking":[16],"effort":[17],"in":[18,66],"designing":[19],"test":[20,26,37,160,210],"classfiles":[21,43,93,109,153,195],"(*.class)":[22],"along":[23,207],"with":[24,208],"their":[25],"oracles.":[27],"An":[28],"alternative":[29],"to":[31,35,105,126,158,198,212,235],"employ":[32,119],"binary":[33],"fuzzing":[34,87],"differentially":[36,159],"JVMs":[38],"by":[39,82],"blindly":[40],"mutating":[41],"seeding":[42,108],"and":[44,75,118,130,140,164,171,227,233],"then":[45],"executing":[46],"the":[47,71,133,191,209,236,242],"resulting":[48],"mutants":[49,72,134],"on":[50,91,135],"different":[51,161],"binaries":[53],"for":[54,94,147],"revealing":[55],"inconsistent":[56],"behaviors.":[57],"However,":[58],"this":[59,80],"blind":[60],"approach":[61,88],"not":[63],"cost":[64],"effective":[65],"practice":[67],"because":[68],"most":[69],"of":[70,97,113,176,193,216,241],"are":[73,154],"invalid":[74],"redundant.":[76],"This":[77],"paper":[78],"tackles":[79],"challenge":[81],"introducing":[83],"classfuzz,":[84],"coverage-directed":[86],"that":[89,187],"focuses":[90],"representative":[92,149],"differential":[95],"testing":[96,181],"JVMs\u2019":[98],"startup":[99],"processes.":[100],"Our":[101,183],"insight":[103],"(1)":[106],"mutate":[107],"using":[110],"set":[112],"predefined":[114],"mutation":[115],"operators":[116],"(mutators)":[117],"Markov":[120],"Chain":[121],"Monte":[122],"Carlo":[123],"(MCMC)":[124],"sampling":[125],"guide":[127],"mutator":[128],"selection,":[129],"(2)":[131],"execute":[132],"reference":[137],"implementation":[139],"use":[141],"coverage":[142],"uniqueness":[143],"as":[144,156,224],"discipline":[146],"accepting":[148],"ones.":[150],"The":[151],"accepted":[152],"used":[155],"inputs":[157],"find":[165],"defects.":[166],"We":[167,200],"have":[168,201,220],"implemented":[169],"classfuzz":[170,188],"conducted":[172],"an":[173],"extensive":[174],"evaluation":[175,184],"it":[177],"against":[178],"existing":[179],"fuzz":[180],"algorithms.":[182],"results":[185],"show":[186],"can":[189],"enhance":[190],"ratio":[192],"discrepancy-triggering":[194],"from":[196],"1.7%":[197],"11.9%.":[199],"also":[202],"reported":[203,218],"62":[204],"discrepancies,":[206],"classfiles,":[211],"developers.":[214],"Many":[215],"our":[217],"issues":[219],"already":[221],"been":[222],"confirmed":[223],"defects,":[226],"some":[228],"even":[229],"match":[230],"recent":[231],"clarifications":[232],"changes":[234],"SE":[238],"8":[239],"edition":[240],"specification.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}