{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2394950416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2897845.2897863","title":"Juggling the Gadgets","display_name":"Juggling the Gadgets","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2394950416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2897845.2897863","mag":"2394950416"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2897845.2897863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2897845.2897863","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2897845.2897863?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 11th ACM on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2897845.2897863?download=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002028881","display_name":"Hyungjoon Koo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0799-0230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyungjoon Koo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007101727","display_name":"Michalis Polychronakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3106-0343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michalis Polychronakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3295,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91086945,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"23","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10478","display_name":"Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8017374277114868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spec#","display_name":"Spec#","score":0.6515077352523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.43176060914993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.41176167130470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.32150018215179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.31195372343063354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.21793413162231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.16513663530349731}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8017374277114868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778565505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2207566","display_name":"Spec#","level":2,"score":0.6515077352523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.43176060914993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.41176167130470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.32150018215179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.31195372343063354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.21793413162231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.16513663530349731}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2897845.2897863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2897845.2897863","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2897845.2897863?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 11th ACM on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2897845.2897863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2897845.2897863","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2897845.2897863?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 11th ACM on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4911320805","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-15-1-2378","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876996369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2394950416.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2394950416.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22858107","https://openalex.org/W70478248","https://openalex.org/W1429241971","https://openalex.org/W1544471297","https://openalex.org/W1545927878","https://openalex.org/W1593678010","https://openalex.org/W1605557845","https://openalex.org/W1631846088","https://openalex.org/W1691322864","https://openalex.org/W1963947298","https://openalex.org/W2003619630","https://openalex.org/W2004877887","https://openalex.org/W2009801020","https://openalex.org/W2012559808","https://openalex.org/W2022292029","https://openalex.org/W2027963645","https://openalex.org/W2033593513","https://openalex.org/W2066852506","https://openalex.org/W2068211976","https://openalex.org/W2072102701","https://openalex.org/W2081105932","https://openalex.org/W2086277109","https://openalex.org/W2111817346","https://openalex.org/W2121468041","https://openalex.org/W2132806808","https://openalex.org/W2138517425","https://openalex.org/W2154555738","https://openalex.org/W2155810272","https://openalex.org/W2159216827","https://openalex.org/W2162800072","https://openalex.org/W2168843528","https://openalex.org/W2171143790","https://openalex.org/W2293825325","https://openalex.org/W2301356482","https://openalex.org/W2404678703","https://openalex.org/W2510394756","https://openalex.org/W2914982603"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2117014006","https://openalex.org/W4233815414","https://openalex.org/W2372170743","https://openalex.org/W1558545464","https://openalex.org/W1984303163","https://openalex.org/W1509211761","https://openalex.org/W2358725432","https://openalex.org/W3016212467","https://openalex.org/W3004176791","https://openalex.org/W3030139520"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Code":[0],"diversification":[1,34,83,132,162],"is":[2,86,120],"an":[3,80],"effective":[4],"mitigation":[5],"against":[6],"return-oriented":[7],"programming":[8],"attacks,":[9],"which":[10],"breaks":[11],"the":[12,17,47,55,67,93,102,107,116,153,184,190,204,210,213,230],"assumptions":[13],"of":[14,21,32,36,39,43,49,57,69,88,96,104,109,158,175,186,206,225],"attackers":[15],"about":[16],"location":[18],"and":[19,156],"structure":[20],"useful":[22],"instruction":[23,128,181],"sequences,":[24],"known":[25],"as":[26,79],"\"gadgets\".":[27],"Although":[28],"a":[29,130,221],"wide":[30],"range":[31],"code":[33,60,74,131,145,161,192,199],"techniques":[35,163],"varying":[37],"levels":[38],"granularity":[40],"exist,":[41],"most":[42],"them":[44],"rely":[45,142],"on":[46,135,143,227],"availability":[48],"source":[50],"code,":[51],"debug":[52],"symbols,":[53],"or":[54],"assumption":[56],"fully":[58],"precise":[59],"disassembly,":[61],"limiting":[62],"their":[63],"practical":[64],"applicability":[65],"for":[66,196,203,229],"protection":[68],"closed-source":[70],"third-party":[71],"applications.":[72],"In-place":[73],"randomization":[75,154],"has":[76],"been":[77],"proposed":[78],"alternative":[81],"binary-compatible":[82],"technique":[84,133],"that":[85,139,180],"tolerant":[87],"partial":[89],"disassembly":[90,146],"coverage,":[91],"in":[92,189],"expense":[94],"though":[95],"leaving":[97],"some":[98],"gadgets":[99,119,169,188],"intact,":[100],"at":[101],"disposal":[103],"attackers.":[105],"Consequently,":[106],"possibility":[108],"constructing":[110],"robust":[111],"ROP":[112],"payloads":[113],"using":[114],"only":[115],"remaining":[117,167],"non-randomized":[118,168,187],"still":[121],"open.":[122],"In":[123],"this":[124],"paper":[125],"we":[126],"present":[127],"displacement,":[129],"based":[134],"static":[136],"binary":[137],"instrumentation":[138],"does":[140],"not":[141],"complete":[144],"coverage.":[147],"Instruction":[148],"displacement":[149,182,219],"aims":[150],"to":[151,170,201,218],"improve":[152],"coverage":[155],"entropy":[157],"existing":[159],"binary-level":[160],"by":[164],"displacing":[165],"any":[166],"random":[171],"locations.":[172],"The":[173],"results":[174],"our":[176],"experimental":[177],"evaluation":[178],"demonstrate":[179],"reduces":[183],"number":[185],"extracted":[191],"regions":[193],"from":[194],"15.04%":[195],"standalone":[197],"in-place":[198],"randomization,":[200],"2.77%":[202],"combination":[205],"both":[207],"techniques.":[208],"At":[209],"same":[211],"time,":[212],"additional":[214],"indirection":[215],"introduced":[216],"due":[217],"incurs":[220],"negligible":[222],"runtime":[223],"overhead":[224],"0.36%":[226],"average":[228],"SPEC":[231],"CPU2006":[232],"benchmarks.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}