{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2474844239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2897824.2925943","title":"Multiple-scattering microfacet BSDFs with the Smith model","display_name":"Multiple-scattering microfacet BSDFs with the Smith model","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2474844239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2897824.2925943","mag":"2474844239"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2897824.2925943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2897824.2925943","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082483572","display_name":"Eric Heitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9323-3318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Heitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064564006","display_name":"Johannes Hanika","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7648-1782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Hanika","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010204324","display_name":"Eugene d\u2019Eon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3761-2989"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugene d'Eon","raw_affiliation_strings":["8i"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"8i","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026357260","display_name":"Carsten Dachsbacher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4690-3574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carsten Dachsbacher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":34.5135,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":103,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99773414,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13049","display_name":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.6637240648269653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.5988158583641052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.5904579758644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.42193859815597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.41142815351486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.37001219391822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3686653971672058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36431628465652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.226199209690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2098083198070526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11015301942825317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.6637240648269653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.5988158583641052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.5904579758644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.42193859815597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.41142815351486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.37001219391822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3686653971672058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36431628465652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.226199209690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2098083198070526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11015301942825317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2897824.2925943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2897824.2925943","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63918557","https://openalex.org/W1486787228","https://openalex.org/W1502549526","https://openalex.org/W1589761358","https://openalex.org/W1970516706","https://openalex.org/W1972948789","https://openalex.org/W1976100392","https://openalex.org/W2002306355","https://openalex.org/W2019012012","https://openalex.org/W2036911259","https://openalex.org/W2048503982","https://openalex.org/W2052037448","https://openalex.org/W2066303290","https://openalex.org/W2073278071","https://openalex.org/W2077044351","https://openalex.org/W2104587129","https://openalex.org/W2108769377","https://openalex.org/W2109627506","https://openalex.org/W2152814341","https://openalex.org/W2154028411","https://openalex.org/W2160203169","https://openalex.org/W2164395935","https://openalex.org/W2330014288","https://openalex.org/W2561076883","https://openalex.org/W4211200634","https://openalex.org/W4246180349"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2393870460","https://openalex.org/W4284894156","https://openalex.org/W2161803855","https://openalex.org/W2134539662","https://openalex.org/W3110774753","https://openalex.org/W2254578859","https://openalex.org/W3217323622","https://openalex.org/W2394523273","https://openalex.org/W1964323532","https://openalex.org/W2005266888"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modeling":[0],"multiple":[1,28],"scattering":[2,133],"in":[3],"microfacet":[4,82],"theory":[5,83,100],"is":[6,22,79,240],"considered":[7],"an":[8],"important":[9],"open":[10],"problem":[11],"because":[12],"a":[13,94,111,120,135],"non-negligible":[14],"portion":[15],"of":[16,39,43,60,71,97,110,154,167],"the":[17,35,40,47,57,61,81,87,98,108,117,142,146,152,202],"energy":[18,179],"leaving":[19],"rough":[20],"surfaces":[21,85],"due":[23],"to":[24,106,115,218],"paths":[25],"that":[26,80,131],"bounce":[27],"times.":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31,158],"paper":[32],"we":[33,161,195],"derive":[34,123,162],"missing":[36],"multiple-scattering":[37,163],"components":[38],"popular":[41,183],"family":[42],"BSDFs":[44,67,165,176,252],"based":[45,54,144,226],"on":[46,56,145],"Smith":[48,62,88,147],"microsurface":[49,148],"model.":[50,63],"Our":[51,76,174,238],"derivations":[52],"are":[53,177,205],"solely":[55],"original":[58],"assumptions":[59],"We":[64,122,215],"validate":[65],"our":[66,251],"using":[68],"raytracing":[69],"simulations":[70],"explicit":[72],"random":[73],"Beckmann":[74,191],"surfaces.":[75],"main":[77],"insight":[78],"for":[84,101,201],"with":[86,103,137,151,222,254],"model":[89],"can":[90,209],"be":[91,210],"derived":[92],"as":[93,190],"special":[95],"case":[96],"microflake":[99],"volumes,":[102],"additional":[104],"constraints":[105],"enforce":[107],"presence":[109],"sharp":[112],"interface,":[113],"i.e.":[114],"transform":[116],"volume":[118],"into":[119],"surface.":[121],"new":[124,159],"free-path":[125],"distributions":[126,139],"and":[127,181,192,208,234,242,258],"phase":[128],"functions":[129,188],"such":[130,189],"plane-parallel":[132],"from":[134],"microvolume":[136],"these":[138],"exactly":[140],"produces":[141],"BSDF":[143],"model,":[149],"but":[150],"addition":[153],"higher-order":[155],"scattering.":[156],"With":[157],"formulation,":[160],"micro-facet":[164],"made":[166],"either":[168],"diffuse,":[169],"conductive,":[170],"or":[171],"dielectric":[172],"material.":[173],"resulting":[175],"reciprocal,":[178],"conserving,":[180],"support":[182],"anisotropic":[184],"parametric":[185],"normal":[186],"distribution":[187],"GGX.":[193],"While":[194],"do":[196],"not":[197,244],"provide":[198],"closed-form":[199],"expressions":[200],"BSDFs,":[203],"they":[204],"mathematically":[206],"well-defined":[207],"evaluated":[211],"at":[212],"arbitrary":[213],"precision.":[214],"show":[216],"how":[217],"practically":[219],"use":[220,245],"them":[221],"Monte":[223],"Carlo":[224],"physically":[225],"rendering":[227],"algorithms":[228],"by":[229],"providing":[230],"analytic":[231,241],"importance":[232],"sampling":[233],"unbiased":[235],"stochastic":[236],"evaluation.":[237],"implementation":[239],"does":[243],"per-BSDF":[246],"precomputed":[247],"data,":[248],"which":[249],"makes":[250],"usable":[253],"textured":[255],"albedos,":[256],"roughness,":[257],"anisotropy.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
