{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2302922559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2896386","title":"Secure multiparty computations on Bitcoin","display_name":"Secure multiparty computations on Bitcoin","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2302922559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2896386","mag":"2302922559"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2896386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2896386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091819924","display_name":"Marcin Andrychowicz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","display_name":"University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Andrychowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008597461","display_name":"Stefan Dziembowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6914-6425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","display_name":"University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Dziembowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063317383","display_name":"Daniel Malinowski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","display_name":"University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Malinowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102986496","display_name":"\u0141ukasz Mazurek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3296-3138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","display_name":"University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0141ukasz Mazurek","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091819924"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.4423,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98548802,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"4","first_page":"76","last_page":"84"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.781765878200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trusted-third-party","display_name":"Trusted third party","score":0.7314547896385193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7094948291778564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.6831926703453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.6742790341377258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-currency","display_name":"Digital currency","score":0.6229367852210999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.6142536997795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-multi-party-computation","display_name":"Secure multi-party computation","score":0.49550044536590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sort","display_name":"sort","score":0.45061954855918884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4254443645477295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.42045459151268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.340006947517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.2153874933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.18420621752738953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09234249591827393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.08665770292282104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.781765878200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139089976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142273","display_name":"Trusted third party","level":2,"score":0.7314547896385193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7094948291778564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.6831926703453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.6742790341377258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48220719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10836209","display_name":"Digital currency","level":3,"score":0.6229367852210999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.6142536997795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18396474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465888","display_name":"Secure multi-party computation","level":3,"score":0.49550044536590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88548561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q347599","display_name":"sort","level":2,"score":0.45061954855918884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4254443645477295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.42045459151268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.340006947517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.2153874933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.18420621752738953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09234249591827393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.08665770292282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2896386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2896386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5857476826","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WELCOME/2010-4/2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321042","funder_display_name":"Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321042","display_name":"Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej","ror":"https://ror.org/048zd9m77"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76185347","https://openalex.org/W111114747","https://openalex.org/W179922057","https://openalex.org/W1480225633","https://openalex.org/W1488658290","https://openalex.org/W1489883012","https://openalex.org/W1512699878","https://openalex.org/W1520914943","https://openalex.org/W1551392315","https://openalex.org/W1595357546","https://openalex.org/W1599549092","https://openalex.org/W1601379374","https://openalex.org/W1602159460","https://openalex.org/W1635361314","https://openalex.org/W1939171670","https://openalex.org/W1984680759","https://openalex.org/W1996957852","https://openalex.org/W2010553858","https://openalex.org/W2013686672","https://openalex.org/W2039275540","https://openalex.org/W2077734015","https://openalex.org/W2088492763","https://openalex.org/W2137664544","https://openalex.org/W2143783692","https://openalex.org/W2150509722","https://openalex.org/W2151433956","https://openalex.org/W2156001253","https://openalex.org/W2168325212","https://openalex.org/W2214897964","https://openalex.org/W2261914718","https://openalex.org/W2337430557","https://openalex.org/W2403437300","https://openalex.org/W2495595500","https://openalex.org/W2913157813","https://openalex.org/W2990399857","https://openalex.org/W3142333173","https://openalex.org/W4246661673"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365797016","https://openalex.org/W4399705208","https://openalex.org/W3215635167","https://openalex.org/W4280585582","https://openalex.org/W1950719656","https://openalex.org/W2913682208","https://openalex.org/W4313465241","https://openalex.org/W3184163161","https://openalex.org/W2907115098","https://openalex.org/W4389282997"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Is":[0],"it":[1,52],"possible":[2],"to":[3,66,89,98,165],"design":[4,99],"an":[5,116],"online":[6,56,199],"protocol":[7,33,57],"for":[8,34,62,124,142,197],"playing":[9],"a":[10,13,22,30,72,135,195],"lottery,":[11],"in":[12,48,96,180,186,191],"completely":[14],"decentralized":[15,32,102],"way,":[16],"that":[17,39,54,58,75,77,104],"is,":[18],"without":[19,132],"relying":[20,133],"on":[21,68,134],"trusted":[23,73,110,136],"third":[24,111],"party?":[25],"Or":[26],"can":[27,46],"one":[28,155],"construct":[29,122],"fully":[31,101],"selling":[35],"secret":[36],"information,":[37],"so":[38],"neither":[40],"the":[41,44,63,78,129,143,149,158,166,181,198],"seller":[42],"nor":[43],"buyer":[45],"cheat":[47],"it?":[49],"Until":[50],"recently,":[51],"seemed":[53],"every":[55],"has":[59],"financial":[60],"consequences":[61],"participants":[64],"needs":[65],"rely":[67],"some":[69],"sort":[70],"of":[71,118],"server":[74],"ensures":[76],"money":[79,162],"is":[80,113,163],"transferred":[81,164],"between":[82],"them.":[83],"In":[84],"this":[85,119],"work,":[86],"we":[87,121,176],"propose":[88],"use":[90],"Bitcoin":[91,130,183],"(a":[92],"digital":[93],"currency,":[94,131],"introduced":[95],"2008)":[97],"such":[100],"protocols":[103,123,139,170],"are":[105,171],"secure":[106,125],"even":[107],"if":[108,154],"no":[109,146],"party":[112,156],"available.":[114],"As":[115],"instantiation":[117],"idea,":[120],"multiparty":[126],"lotteries":[127],"using":[128],"authority.":[137],"Our":[138,169],"guarantee":[140],"fairness":[141],"honest":[144,167],"parties":[145],"matter":[147],"how":[148],"loser":[150],"behaves.":[151],"For":[152],"example,":[153],"interrupts":[157],"protocol,":[159],"then":[160],"her":[161],"participants.":[168],"practical":[172],"(to":[173],"demonstrate":[174],"it,":[175],"performed":[177],"their":[178],"transactions":[179],"actual":[182],"system)":[184],"and":[185],"principle":[187],"could":[188],"be":[189],"used":[190],"real":[192],"life":[193],"as":[194],"replacement":[196],"gambling":[200],"sites.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}