{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2352641512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2894784.2894800","title":"Technical Debt","display_name":"Technical Debt","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2352641512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2894784.2894800","mag":"2352641512"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2894784.2894800","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2894784.2894800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186921487","display_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","issn_l":"0163-5948","issn":["0163-5948","1943-5843"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083888080","display_name":"Paris Avgeriou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7101-0754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paris Avgeriou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Groningen, Groningen, NL"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Groningen, Groningen, NL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033114444","display_name":"Neil Ernst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5992-2366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114772536","display_name":"Software Engineering Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01xqjjn94","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114772536","https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil A. Ernst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering Institute, Pittsburgh, PA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering Institute, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114772536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057124086","display_name":"Robert L. Nord","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0565-0702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114772536","display_name":"Software Engineering Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01xqjjn94","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114772536","https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert L. Nord","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering Institute, Pittsburgh, PA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering Institute, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114772536"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038060982","display_name":"Philippe Kruchten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1359-4867"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philippe Kruchten","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083888080"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6635,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7780788,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"2","first_page":"38","last_page":"41"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-debt","display_name":"Technical debt","score":0.9742913842201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debt","display_name":"Debt","score":0.6285645961761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5369403958320618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.4692551791667938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.46087008714675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39387398958206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.39090651273727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3381883502006531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.3370400667190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.15489113330841064}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159198006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532172","display_name":"Technical debt","level":4,"score":0.9742913842201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.6285645961761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5369403958320618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.4692551791667938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.46087008714675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39387398958206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.39090651273727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3381883502006531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.3370400667190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.15489113330841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2894784.2894800","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2894784.2894800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186921487","display_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","issn_l":"0163-5948","issn":["0163-5948","1943-5843"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965658570","https://openalex.org/W2004586836","https://openalex.org/W2015187825","https://openalex.org/W2018392829","https://openalex.org/W2028836139","https://openalex.org/W2031271477","https://openalex.org/W2046040805","https://openalex.org/W2102229983","https://openalex.org/W2103134547","https://openalex.org/W2105492891","https://openalex.org/W2110461084","https://openalex.org/W2116131277","https://openalex.org/W2130602377","https://openalex.org/W2131473536","https://openalex.org/W2134800132","https://openalex.org/W2136807410","https://openalex.org/W2138380616","https://openalex.org/W2143232930","https://openalex.org/W2153796247","https://openalex.org/W2158499384","https://openalex.org/W2170386308","https://openalex.org/W2171970463","https://openalex.org/W2196945619","https://openalex.org/W2216905672"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985040977","https://openalex.org/W4234730551","https://openalex.org/W2598593295","https://openalex.org/W2476117260","https://openalex.org/W2770531922","https://openalex.org/W1845068655","https://openalex.org/W4321354308","https://openalex.org/W3118244000","https://openalex.org/W2935052825","https://openalex.org/W3121161786"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Increasingly":[0],"software":[1],"engineers":[2],"use":[3],"the":[4,14,25,44],"metaphor":[5],"of":[6,17],"technical":[7,76],"debt":[8,77],"to":[9,13],"communicate":[10],"issues":[11],"related":[12],"growing":[15],"cost":[16],"change.":[18],"In":[19],"this":[20],"article,":[21],"we":[22],"report":[23],"on":[24,28,38,47],"Seventh":[26],"Workshop":[27],"Managing":[29],"Technical":[30],"Debt":[31],"(MTD":[32],"2015),":[33],"held":[34],"in":[35,62,78],"Bremen,":[36],"Germany,":[37],"October":[39],"2,":[40],"2015,":[41],"collocated":[42],"with":[43],"International":[45],"Conference":[46],"Software":[48],"Maintenance":[49],"and":[50,59,71],"Evolution":[51],"(ICSME).":[52],"The":[53],"30":[54],"workshop":[55],"participants":[56],"from":[57],"industry":[58],"academia":[60],"engaged":[61],"lively":[63],"discussions,":[64],"which":[65],"helped":[66],"clarify":[67],"issues,":[68],"refine":[69],"questions,":[70],"promote":[72],"common":[73],"understanding":[74],"about":[75],"software.":[79]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
