{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2397875151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2889160.2889163","title":"SMACK software verification toolchain","display_name":"SMACK software verification toolchain","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2397875151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2889160.2889163","mag":"2397875151"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2889160.2889163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2889160.2889163","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2889160.2889163?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering Companion","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2889160.2889163?download=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031958377","display_name":"Montgomery Carter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Montgomery Carter","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Utah"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103183170","display_name":"Shaobo He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaobo He","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Utah"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018663966","display_name":"Jonathan Whitaker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Whitaker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Utah"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021217615","display_name":"Zvonimir Rakamari\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7946-0162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zvonimir Rakamari\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Utah"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061209906","display_name":"Michael Emmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6283-5890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162154","display_name":"IMDEA Software","ror":"https://ror.org/04xvfkh51","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I4210162154"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Emmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMDEA Software Institute, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Software Institute, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162154"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031958377"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4966,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96772567,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"589","last_page":"592"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toolchain","display_name":"Toolchain","score":0.9818068742752075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8017960786819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-verification","display_name":"Software verification","score":0.7083168029785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.6398345232009888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6349304914474487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.6156530380249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-by-contract","display_name":"Design by contract","score":0.5502076148986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.4927959740161896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.46990033984184265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.4177168011665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.38991284370422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.28451311588287354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777062904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545406","display_name":"Toolchain","level":3,"score":0.9818068742752075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8017960786819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33054407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504747","display_name":"Software verification","level":5,"score":0.7083168029785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.6398345232009888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6349304914474487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.6156530380249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80291951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200691","display_name":"Design by contract","level":5,"score":0.5502076148986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.4927959740161896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.46990033984184265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.4177168011665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.38991284370422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.28451311588287354}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2889160.2889163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2889160.2889163","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2889160.2889163?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering Companion","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2889160.2889163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2889160.2889163","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2889160.2889163?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering Companion","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1766202904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1346756","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4056169434","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Office of Undergraduate Research","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332643","funder_display_name":"School of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6475919925","display_name":"SHF:Small:Collaborative Research: Compositional Verification of Heterogeneous Software Protocol Stacks","funder_award_id":"1421678","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6790162627","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF 1346756, CCF 1421678","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310050","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332643","display_name":"School of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2397875151.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2397875151.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W121297392","https://openalex.org/W145069693","https://openalex.org/W157156687","https://openalex.org/W1140939754","https://openalex.org/W1507006488","https://openalex.org/W1606177908","https://openalex.org/W1606540187","https://openalex.org/W1754076483","https://openalex.org/W2143331802","https://openalex.org/W2159595840","https://openalex.org/W2161246680","https://openalex.org/W2243109068","https://openalex.org/W2466715688","https://openalex.org/W2504100651"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1933722645","https://openalex.org/W2393466953","https://openalex.org/W2887757675","https://openalex.org/W4296900008","https://openalex.org/W2397875151","https://openalex.org/W2738202479","https://openalex.org/W2117425003","https://openalex.org/W2577206258","https://openalex.org/W2155438671","https://openalex.org/W1858610213"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tool":[0],"prototyping":[1],"is":[2,24,155,161],"an":[3,107,112],"essential":[4],"step":[5],"in":[6,98,111,138,165],"developing":[7],"novel":[8],"software":[9,51,61,95,109,114],"verification":[10,52,62,73,90,96,115,127,168],"algorithms":[11],"and":[12,40,59,124,157],"techniques.":[13],"However,":[14],"implementing":[15],"a":[16,25,57],"verifier":[17,110],"prototype":[18],"that":[19,64,77],"can":[20,103,175],"handle":[21],"real-world":[22],"programs":[23],"huge":[26],"endeavor,":[27],"which":[28],"hinders":[29],"researchers":[30,120],"by":[31,78],"forcing":[32],"them":[33],"to":[34,121,145],"spend":[35],"more":[36],"time":[37,42],"engineering":[38],"tools,":[39],"less":[41],"innovating.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"we":[47],"present":[48],"the":[49,66,81,87,94,181],"SMACK":[50,92,144,160,174],"toolchain.":[53],"The":[54],"toolchain":[55],"provides":[56],"modular":[58],"extensible":[60],"ecosystem":[63],"decouples":[65],"front-end":[67],"source":[68],"language":[69],"details":[70],"from":[71,80],"backend":[72],"algorithms.":[74],"It":[75],"achieves":[76],"translating":[79],"LLVM":[82],"compiler":[83],"intermediate":[84,89],"representation":[85],"into":[86],"Boogie":[88],"language.":[91],"benefits":[93],"community":[97],"several":[99,166],"ways:":[100],"(i)":[101],"it":[102,118,130,154],"be":[104,176],"used":[105,143,164],"as":[106],"off-the-shelf":[108],"applied":[113],"project,":[116],"(ii)":[117],"enables":[119],"rapidly":[122],"develop":[123],"release":[125],"new":[126,136],"algorithms,":[128],"(iii)":[129],"allows":[131],"for":[132,135],"adding":[133],"support":[134],"languages":[137],"its":[139],"front-end.":[140],"We":[141],"have":[142],"verify":[146],"numerous":[147],"C/C++":[148],"programs,":[149],"including":[150],"industry":[151],"examples,":[152],"showing":[153],"mature":[156],"competitive.":[158],"Likewise,":[159],"already":[162],"being":[163],"existing":[167],"research":[169],"prototypes.":[170],"Our":[171],"demonstration":[172],"of":[173],"found":[177],"on":[178],"YouTube":[179],"at":[180],"following":[182],"address:":[183],"https://youtu.be/SPPSC1KdRzs":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
