{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2348136092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2884781.2884830","title":"Multi-objective software effort estimation","display_name":"Multi-objective software effort estimation","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2348136092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2884781.2884830","mag":"2348136092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2884781.2884830","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2884781.2884830","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2884830&type=pdf","source":null,"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2884830&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012165852","display_name":"Federica Sarro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-442X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Federica Sarro","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050226790","display_name":"Alessio Petrozziello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3889-7805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63072094","display_name":"University of Portsmouth","ror":"https://ror.org/03ykbk197","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessio Petrozziello","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000019783","display_name":"Mark Harman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5864-4488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Harman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012165852"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":49.7218,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":156,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99844629,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"619","last_page":"630"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.7403331398963928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.7390769720077515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6845126152038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5887094736099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.5141051411628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-interval","display_name":"Confidence interval","score":0.4870646297931671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-absolute-error","display_name":"Mean absolute error","score":0.4759901762008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.42441433668136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36342713236808777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.3154805600643158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.25756245851516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12189981341362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0971701443195343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.06356737017631531}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.7403331398963928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.7390769720077515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6845126152038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5887094736099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5141051411628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.4870646297931671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188154048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803609","display_name":"Mean absolute error","level":3,"score":0.4759901762008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.42441433668136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36342713236808777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.3154805600643158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.25756245851516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12189981341362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0971701443195343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.06356737017631531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2884781.2884830","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2884781.2884830","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2884830&type=pdf","source":null,"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1498817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1498817/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"     In: Dillon, L and Visser, W and Williams, L, (eds.) ICSE '16: Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering.  (pp. pp. 619-630).  Association for Computing Machinery (ACM): New York. (2016)     ","raw_type":"Proceedings paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2884781.2884830","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2884781.2884830","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2884830&type=pdf","source":null,"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3143037312","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J017515","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6794522244","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J017515/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2348136092.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2348136092.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":95,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38372507","https://openalex.org/W53373509","https://openalex.org/W70611398","https://openalex.org/W168970045","https://openalex.org/W177261742","https://openalex.org/W264743668","https://openalex.org/W1481170547","https://openalex.org/W1516475415","https://openalex.org/W1522987989","https://openalex.org/W1526710119","https://openalex.org/W1527514093","https://openalex.org/W1528966910","https://openalex.org/W1543298386","https://openalex.org/W1551059949","https://openalex.org/W1575961892","https://openalex.org/W1576938044","https://openalex.org/W1594031697","https://openalex.org/W1596462940","https://openalex.org/W1603123038","https://openalex.org/W1666151602","https://openalex.org/W1756881852","https://openalex.org/W1818085238","https://openalex.org/W1849905219","https://openalex.org/W1963741639","https://openalex.org/W1972632018","https://openalex.org/W1973624379","https://openalex.org/W1977321274","https://openalex.org/W1977635687","https://openalex.org/W1984230543","https://openalex.org/W1986305653","https://openalex.org/W1990537706","https://openalex.org/W2000642745","https://openalex.org/W2001851943","https://openalex.org/W2006013622","https://openalex.org/W2009786711","https://openalex.org/W2014455254","https://openalex.org/W2017260088","https://openalex.org/W2020602307","https://openalex.org/W2033564924","https://openalex.org/W2040855338","https://openalex.org/W2043584165","https://openalex.org/W2052829789","https://openalex.org/W2055336003","https://openalex.org/W2063876764","https://openalex.org/W2077174673","https://openalex.org/W2081575303","https://openalex.org/W2089850018","https://openalex.org/W2090954654","https://openalex.org/W2091784255","https://openalex.org/W2092382400","https://openalex.org/W2097670073","https://openalex.org/W2098907614","https://openalex.org/W2104132866","https://openalex.org/W2104236502","https://openalex.org/W2106282576","https://openalex.org/W2106334424","https://openalex.org/W2107031757","https://openalex.org/W2109105289","https://openalex.org/W2109368607","https://openalex.org/W2110138665","https://openalex.org/W2111540240","https://openalex.org/W2121512575","https://openalex.org/W2125231355","https://openalex.org/W2125595978","https://openalex.org/W2125791732","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2131378644","https://openalex.org/W2139357103","https://openalex.org/W2145183204","https://openalex.org/W2146136779","https://openalex.org/W2148974547","https://openalex.org/W2150754211","https://openalex.org/W2151511199","https://openalex.org/W2156016433","https://openalex.org/W2156401290","https://openalex.org/W2158586961","https://openalex.org/W2158949715","https://openalex.org/W2159152612","https://openalex.org/W2159919030","https://openalex.org/W2164765430","https://openalex.org/W2166573308","https://openalex.org/W2203366176","https://openalex.org/W2281037394","https://openalex.org/W2295532906","https://openalex.org/W2326559491","https://openalex.org/W2401117123","https://openalex.org/W2533115115","https://openalex.org/W2887088574","https://openalex.org/W3029591682","https://openalex.org/W4241607863","https://openalex.org/W6607159419","https://openalex.org/W6644845772","https://openalex.org/W6676028428","https://openalex.org/W6843735874","https://openalex.org/W7043454694"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3125536267","https://openalex.org/W2274645452","https://openalex.org/W1999706086","https://openalex.org/W2521753262","https://openalex.org/W4247388746","https://openalex.org/W2314720829","https://openalex.org/W4285794683","https://openalex.org/W3178576217","https://openalex.org/W4221063543","https://openalex.org/W4385195237"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,18,83],"introduce":[1],"a":[2,91],"bi-objective":[3],"effort":[4,33],"estimation":[5],"algorithm":[6,22,56,89],"that":[7,54,87,104],"combines":[8],"Confidence":[9],"Interval":[10],"Analysis":[11],"and":[12,30,61,71],"assessment":[13],"of":[14],"Mean":[15],"Absolute":[16],"Error.":[17],"evaluate":[19],"our":[20,55,88,105],"proposed":[21],"on":[23],"three":[24,63],"different":[25,46],"alternative":[26,64],"formulations,":[27,65],"baseline":[28],"comparators":[29],"current":[31],"state-of-the-art":[32,60],"estimators":[34],"applied":[35],"to":[36],"five":[37,81],"real-world":[38],"datasets":[39],"from":[40],"the":[41,58],"PROMISE":[42],"repository,":[43],"involving":[44],"724":[45],"software":[47,112],"projects":[48],"in":[49],"total.":[50],"The":[51],"results":[52],"reveal":[53],"outperforms":[57],"baseline,":[59],"all":[62,80],"statistically":[66],"significantly":[67],"(p":[68],"<":[69],"0.001)":[70],"with":[72],"large":[73],"effect":[74],"size":[75],"(\u00c212":[76],"\u2265":[77],"0.9)":[78],"over":[79],"datasets.":[82],"also":[84],"provide":[85],"evidence":[86],"creates":[90],"new":[92],"state-of-the-art,":[93],"which":[94],"lies":[95],"within":[96],"currently":[97],"claimed":[98],"industrial":[99],"human-expert-based":[100],"thresholds,":[101],"thereby":[102],"demonstrating":[103],"findings":[106],"have":[107],"actionable":[108],"conclusions":[109],"for":[110],"practicing":[111],"engineers.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}