{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2410091547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2882782","title":"Examining Additivity and Weak Baselines","display_name":"Examining Additivity and Weak Baselines","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2410091547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2882782","mag":"2410091547"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2882782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2882782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005961887","display_name":"Sadegh Kharazmi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sadegh Kharazmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT University &amp; NICTA, Melbourne, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT University &amp; NICTA, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085925326","display_name":"Falk Scholer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9094-0810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Falk Scholer","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083922073","display_name":"David Vallet","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Vallet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Sydney, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072614956","display_name":"Mark Sanderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0487-9609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Sanderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005961887"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.4715,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98463563,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.9139635562896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6508572101593018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.5748220682144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5434775948524475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nothing","display_name":"Nothing","score":0.44253745675086975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-interval","display_name":"Confidence interval","score":0.4219176769256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2813549041748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.15312016010284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12694814801216125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.1090478003025055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.9139635562896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6508572101593018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.5748220682144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5434775948524475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136815107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154242","display_name":"Nothing","level":2,"score":0.44253745675086975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.4219176769256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2813549041748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15312016010284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12694814801216125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1090478003025055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2882782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2882782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.61RMIT_INST:11247108120001341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1145/2882782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402074","display_name":"RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","host_organization_name":"RMIT University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27490923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27490923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310369","display_name":"National ICT Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6575493","https://openalex.org/W71015118","https://openalex.org/W135190683","https://openalex.org/W272117402","https://openalex.org/W1482214997","https://openalex.org/W1484051695","https://openalex.org/W1508052324","https://openalex.org/W1518829424","https://openalex.org/W1523019309","https://openalex.org/W1819763199","https://openalex.org/W1824841300","https://openalex.org/W1965325952","https://openalex.org/W1968413755","https://openalex.org/W1969077952","https://openalex.org/W1970663544","https://openalex.org/W1978449334","https://openalex.org/W1980730196","https://openalex.org/W1980800241","https://openalex.org/W1982474113","https://openalex.org/W1987690005","https://openalex.org/W1990647019","https://openalex.org/W1993320088","https://openalex.org/W1994594731","https://openalex.org/W1994960885","https://openalex.org/W2001014535","https://openalex.org/W2004545484","https://openalex.org/W2006996936","https://openalex.org/W2015770094","https://openalex.org/W2022871093","https://openalex.org/W2022995284","https://openalex.org/W2024100438","https://openalex.org/W2026439336","https://openalex.org/W2026893190","https://openalex.org/W2031767620","https://openalex.org/W2034557396","https://openalex.org/W2041098697","https://openalex.org/W2055775738","https://openalex.org/W2072326387","https://openalex.org/W2076227143","https://openalex.org/W2078488685","https://openalex.org/W2083305840","https://openalex.org/W2095399741","https://openalex.org/W2112006025","https://openalex.org/W2113640060","https://openalex.org/W2131381130","https://openalex.org/W2132314908","https://openalex.org/W2150662514","https://openalex.org/W2157391629","https://openalex.org/W2163200373","https://openalex.org/W2187139527","https://openalex.org/W2190694985","https://openalex.org/W2251286992","https://openalex.org/W2342847992","https://openalex.org/W2408365773","https://openalex.org/W2790740913","https://openalex.org/W3018287104","https://openalex.org/W3138773240","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4290007543","https://openalex.org/W4300932606"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2216420239","https://openalex.org/W3011492772","https://openalex.org/W2499122376","https://openalex.org/W2800570524","https://openalex.org/W2808813869","https://openalex.org/W2109915140","https://openalex.org/W2315519183","https://openalex.org/W2103493327","https://openalex.org/W2375097772","https://openalex.org/W2742083842"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,61],"present":[1,130],"a":[2,11,24,29,34,39,46,56,67,84,101,122,163,167],"study":[3],"of":[4,37,69,103,150,179],"which":[5],"baseline":[6,31],"to":[7,17,119,139,159,170],"use":[8],"when":[9,55],"testing":[10,99],"new":[12,57,115,164],"retrieval":[13,135],"technique.":[14],"In":[15],"contrast":[16],"past":[18,127],"work,":[19,128],"we":[20,129,153],"show":[21,81],"that":[22,75,90,106,113,132,155,162],"measuring":[23],"statistically":[25],"significant":[26],"improvement":[27,41],"over":[28],"weak":[30,142],"is":[32,59,92,117,145,166,169],"not":[33,93],"good":[35],"predictor":[36],"whether":[38,63],"similar":[40],"will":[42,79],"be":[43,110,160],"measured":[44],"on":[45,83],"strong":[47,50,123],"baseline.":[48,86,124],"Sometimes":[49],"baselines":[51,71,104],"are":[52],"made":[53],"worse":[54],"technique":[58,116,165],"applied.":[60],"investigate":[62],"conducting":[64],"comparisons":[65],"against":[66,100,141,173],"range":[68,102],"weaker":[70],"can":[72,109],"increase":[73],"confidence":[74],"an":[76,107],"observed":[77],"effect":[78],"also":[80],"improvements":[82],"stronger":[85],"Our":[87],"results":[88],"indicate":[89],"this":[91],"the":[94,114,133,156,177,180],"case":[95],"--":[96],"at":[97],"best,":[98],"means":[105],"experimenter":[108],"more":[111],"confident":[112,161],"unlikely":[118],"significantly":[120],"harm":[121],"Examining":[125],"recent":[126],"evidence":[131],"information":[134],"(IR)":[136],"community":[137],"continues":[138],"test":[140],"baselines.":[143],"This":[144],"unfortunate":[146],"as,":[147],"in":[148],"light":[149],"our":[151],"experiments,":[152],"conclude":[154],"only":[157],"way":[158],"contribution":[168],"compare":[171],"it":[172],"nothing":[174],"less":[175],"than":[176],"state":[178],"art.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
