{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2336421784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2876034.2893444","title":"Deep Neural Networks and How They Apply to Sequential Education Data","display_name":"Deep Neural Networks and How They Apply to Sequential Education Data","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2336421784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2876034.2893444","mag":"2336421784"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2876034.2893444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2876034.2893444","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Third (2016) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035076469","display_name":"Steven Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047380888","display_name":"Joshua C. Peterson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6713-1353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua C. Peterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021273980","display_name":"Zachary A. Pardos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6016-7051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zachary A. Pardos","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035076469"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5702,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95997349,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"321","last_page":"324"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clickstream","display_name":"Clickstream","score":0.8554553985595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8042525053024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.690695583820343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6758592128753662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.616766095161438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5872206687927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.5724321603775024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.5046786069869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.4406638741493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40915992856025696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3512687087059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.17659753561019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.14682984352111816}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138744977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5132438","display_name":"Clickstream","level":5,"score":0.8554553985595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8042525053024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.690695583820343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6758592128753662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.616766095161438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5872206687927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.5724321603775024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5046786069869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.4406638741493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40915992856025696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3512687087059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.17659753561019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.14682984352111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130436687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978591","display_name":"Web modeling","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127613066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557770","display_name":"Web API","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2876034.2893444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2876034.2893444","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Third (2016) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W650350307","https://openalex.org/W2006332834","https://openalex.org/W2015040676","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2105845572"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493153155","https://openalex.org/W2789872759","https://openalex.org/W2154850984","https://openalex.org/W3008584592","https://openalex.org/W4377865163","https://openalex.org/W3193857078","https://openalex.org/W2888956734","https://openalex.org/W3000197790","https://openalex.org/W4315865067","https://openalex.org/W3208304128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"deep":[1,118],"neural":[2,32],"networks":[3],"have":[4],"achieved":[5],"impressive":[6],"results":[7],"in":[8,35,62],"a":[9,43,63],"variety":[10],"of":[11,54,84],"automated":[12],"tasks,":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15],"text":[16],"generation,":[17],"grammar":[18],"learning,":[19],"and":[20,66],"speech":[21],"recognition.":[22],"This":[23],"paper":[24],"discusses":[25],"how":[26],"education":[27,55,123],"research":[28],"might":[29],"leverage":[30],"recurrent":[31],"network":[33,49,77],"architectures":[34],"two":[36,51],"small":[37],"case":[38],"studies.":[39],"Specifically,":[40],"we":[41],"train":[42],"two-layer":[44],"Long":[45],"Short-Term":[46],"Memory":[47],"(LSTM)":[48],"on":[50],"distinct":[52],"forms":[53],"data:":[56],"(1)":[57],"essays":[58],"written":[59],"by":[60,106],"students":[61],"summative":[64],"environment,":[65],"(2)":[67],"MOOC":[68],"clickstream":[69],"data.":[70],"Without":[71],"any":[72],"features":[73],"specified":[74],"beforehand,":[75],"the":[76,81,85,90,101,107,114],"attempts":[78],"to":[79,96,121],"learn":[80],"underlying":[82,103],"structure":[83],"input":[86,108],"sequences.":[87],"After":[88],"training,":[89],"model":[91],"can":[92],"be":[93],"used":[94],"generatively":[95],"produce":[97],"new":[98],"sequences":[99],"with":[100],"same":[102],"patterns":[104],"exhibited":[105],"distribution.":[109],"These":[110],"early":[111],"explorations":[112],"demonstrate":[113],"potential":[115],"for":[116],"applying":[117],"learning":[119],"techniques":[120],"large":[122],"data":[124],"sets.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}