{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2336886837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2876034.2893425","title":"Assessing Problem-Solving Process At Scale","display_name":"Assessing Problem-Solving Process At Scale","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2336886837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2876034.2893425","mag":"2336886837"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2876034.2893425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2876034.2893425","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Third (2016) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006962369","display_name":"Shuchi Grover","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6633-8862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuchi Grover","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008403359","display_name":"Marie Bienkowski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie Bienkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044008629","display_name":"John Niekrasz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Niekrasz","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI International, San Diego, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078770676","display_name":"Matthias Hauswirth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-5931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57201433","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera italiana","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4atk17","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57201433"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Hauswirth","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57201433"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006962369"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3157,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92922939,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"245","last_page":"248"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7829822301864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formative-assessment","display_name":"Formative assessment","score":0.6942156553268433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6841269731521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5806353688240051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.527982771396637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-in-process","display_name":"Work in process","score":0.5222228765487671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5168624520301819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-thinking","display_name":"Computational thinking","score":0.5105749368667603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytics","display_name":"Analytics","score":0.5050902962684631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-analytics","display_name":"Learning analytics","score":0.45265287160873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.44118720293045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-modeling","display_name":"Process modeling","score":0.412826269865036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.34905827045440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3384319245815277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29030728340148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1436976194381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.12692394852638245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08535560965538025}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7829822301864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42525527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955","display_name":"Formative assessment","level":2,"score":0.6942156553268433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6841269731521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5806353688240051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.527982771396637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174998907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357662","display_name":"Work in process","level":2,"score":0.5222228765487671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5168624520301819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780368719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157342","display_name":"Computational thinking","level":2,"score":0.5105749368667603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.5050902962684631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845208","display_name":"Learning analytics","level":2,"score":0.45265287160873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.44118720293045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76956256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27610560","display_name":"Process modeling","level":3,"score":0.412826269865036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.34905827045440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3384319245815277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29030728340148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1436976194381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.12692394852638245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08535560965538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2876034.2893425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2876034.2893425","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Third (2016) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520570656","https://openalex.org/W1981959780","https://openalex.org/W2023164354","https://openalex.org/W2123536472","https://openalex.org/W2142733603"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2295079537","https://openalex.org/W2808121504","https://openalex.org/W953697561","https://openalex.org/W181719207","https://openalex.org/W2007856464","https://openalex.org/W2772268001","https://openalex.org/W2027498238","https://openalex.org/W2238636028","https://openalex.org/W2385915069","https://openalex.org/W2101304915"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Authentic":[0],"problem":[1],"solving":[2],"tasks":[3],"in":[4,49],"digital":[5],"environments":[6],"are":[7],"often":[8],"open-ended":[9],"with":[10,71],"ill-defined":[11],"pathways":[12],"to":[13,44],"a":[14,41],"goal":[15],"state.":[16],"Scaffolds":[17],"and":[18,30,81],"formative":[19],"feedback":[20],"during":[21,59],"this":[22],"process":[23,46],"help":[24],"learners":[25],"develop":[26],"the":[27,35,50,53],"requisite":[28],"skills":[29],"understanding,":[31],"but":[32],"require":[33],"assessing":[34,45],"problem-solving":[36],"process.":[37],"This":[38],"paper":[39],"describes":[40],"hybrid":[42],"approach":[43,62],"at":[47],"scale":[48],"context":[51],"of":[52,55],"use":[54],"computational":[56],"thinking":[57],"practices":[58],"programming.":[60],"Our":[61],"combines":[63],"hypothesis-driven":[64],"analysis,":[65],"using":[66],"an":[67],"evidence-centered":[68],"design":[69],"framework,":[70],"discovery-driven":[72],"data":[73],"analytics.":[74],"We":[75],"report":[76],"on":[77,85],"work-in-progress":[78],"involving":[79],"novices":[80],"expert":[82],"programmers":[83],"working":[84],"Blockly":[86],"games.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
