{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2336395599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2876034.2876042","title":"AXIS","display_name":"AXIS","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2336395599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2876034.2876042","mag":"2336395599"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2876034.2876042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2876034.2876042","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2876034.2876042","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Third (2016) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2876034.2876042","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069476228","display_name":"Joseph Jay Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9122-5242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Jay Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079709359","display_name":"Juho Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6348-4127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juho Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038687622","display_name":"Anna N. Rafferty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8319-5370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188497080","display_name":"Carleton College","ror":"https://ror.org/03jep7677","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188497080"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Rafferty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton College, Northfield, MN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton College, Northfield, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188497080"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112605320","display_name":"Samuel Maldonado","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Maldonado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010436269","display_name":"Krzysztof Z. Gajos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1897-9048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof Z. Gajos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063574664","display_name":"Walter S. Lasecki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter S. Lasecki","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078998782","display_name":"Neil T. Heffernan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3280-288X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil Heffernan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069476228"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.0571,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":141,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99420321,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"379","last_page":"388"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6938821077346802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.6474188566207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43459394574165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.42169368267059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.394650399684906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3217783570289612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.12267112731933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.11902999877929688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6938821077346802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6474188566207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43459394574165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.42169368267059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.394650399684906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3217783570289612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.12267112731933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.11902999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2876034.2876042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2876034.2876042","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2876034.2876042","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Third (2016) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2876034.2876042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2876034.2876042","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2876034.2876042","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Third (2016) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8337109446","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1440753","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2336395599.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2336395599.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W193848580","https://openalex.org/W635149649","https://openalex.org/W1490094820","https://openalex.org/W1514405275","https://openalex.org/W1968326021","https://openalex.org/W2034637247","https://openalex.org/W2051277183","https://openalex.org/W2084895013","https://openalex.org/W2095446410","https://openalex.org/W2104882621","https://openalex.org/W2108738385","https://openalex.org/W2109901510","https://openalex.org/W2110228583","https://openalex.org/W2119298903","https://openalex.org/W2119850747","https://openalex.org/W2123169053","https://openalex.org/W2124868162","https://openalex.org/W2140107468","https://openalex.org/W2143292990","https://openalex.org/W2151785234","https://openalex.org/W2154348687","https://openalex.org/W2168405694","https://openalex.org/W2206440038","https://openalex.org/W2258103373","https://openalex.org/W2286512509","https://openalex.org/W2549443287","https://openalex.org/W4239816899"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W4229499248","https://openalex.org/W2566006169","https://openalex.org/W1567818861","https://openalex.org/W2987774938","https://openalex.org/W4256492088","https://openalex.org/W632915154"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"explanations":[1,44,88,94,124,129],"may":[2],"help":[3],"people":[4],"learn":[5],"by":[6,131],"providing":[7],"information":[8],"about":[9],"why":[10],"an":[11,132],"answer":[12],"is":[13],"correct,":[14],"many":[15],"problems":[16,110],"on":[17,67],"online":[18],"platforms":[19],"lack":[20],"high-quality":[21],"explanations.":[22,35,115],"This":[23],"paper":[24],"presents":[25],"AXIS":[26,36,84,96,123],"(Adaptive":[27],"eXplanation":[28],"Improvement":[29],"System),":[30],"a":[31,48,63,74,79],"system":[32],"for":[33],"obtaining":[34],"asks":[37],"learners":[38,90,108],"to":[39,55,60,62,103],"generate,":[40],"revise,":[41],"and":[42,50,78,86,111,119],"evaluate":[43],"as":[45],"they":[46],"solve":[47],"problem,":[49],"then":[51],"uses":[52],"machine":[53],"learning":[54,120],"dynamically":[56],"determine":[57],"which":[58],"explanation":[59],"present":[61],"future":[64],"learner,":[65],"based":[66],"previous":[68],"learners'":[69],"collective":[70],"input.":[71],"Results":[72],"from":[73,95,128],"case":[75],"study":[76],"deployment":[77],"randomized":[80],"experiment":[81],"demonstrate":[82],"that":[83,89],"elicits":[85],"identifies":[87],"find":[91],"helpful.":[92],"Providing":[93],"also":[97],"objectively":[98],"enhanced":[99],"learning,":[100],"when":[101],"compared":[102],"the":[104],"default":[105],"practice":[106],"where":[107],"solved":[109],"received":[112],"answers":[113],"without":[114],"The":[116],"rated":[117],"quality":[118],"benefit":[121],"of":[122],"did":[125],"not":[126],"differ":[127],"generated":[130],"experienced":[133],"instructor.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
