{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2274307588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2873587.2873594","title":"Uncovering Privacy Leakage in BLE Network Traffic of Wearable Fitness Trackers","display_name":"Uncovering Privacy Leakage in BLE Network Traffic of Wearable Fitness Trackers","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2274307588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2873587.2873594","mag":"2274307588"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2873587.2873594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2873587.2873594","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109056955","display_name":"Aveek Das","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aveek K. Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023542938","display_name":"Parth H. Pathak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0793-002X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parth H. Pathak","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017383502","display_name":"Chen\u2010Nee Chuah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2772-387X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen-Nee Chuah","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086439160","display_name":"Prasant Mohapatra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2768-5308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prasant Mohapatra","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109056955"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.3454,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":124,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99152349,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"99","last_page":"104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bittorrent-tracker","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","score":0.8474388122558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7552077770233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.6375737190246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth","display_name":"Bluetooth","score":0.5695983171463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth-low-energy","display_name":"Bluetooth Low Energy","score":0.4522278606891632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.44818687438964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activity-tracker","display_name":"Activity tracker","score":0.43105319142341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.40787985920906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.39192789793014526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.35924428701400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33393409848213196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.20246478915214539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19021493196487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1717766523361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.1057797372341156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09992241859436035}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57501372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021268","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","level":3,"score":0.8474388122558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7552077770233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.6375737190246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546215728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39531","display_name":"Bluetooth","level":3,"score":0.5695983171463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776418194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1638779","display_name":"Bluetooth Low Energy","level":4,"score":0.4522278606891632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.44818687438964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6387636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16001686","display_name":"Activity tracker","level":3,"score":0.43105319142341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.40787985920906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.39192789793014526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.35924428701400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33393409848213196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.20246478915214539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19021493196487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1717766523361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.1057797372341156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09992241859436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2873587.2873594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2873587.2873594","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58703277","https://openalex.org/W1543676750","https://openalex.org/W1972663735","https://openalex.org/W1975016298","https://openalex.org/W1985062260","https://openalex.org/W1986707552","https://openalex.org/W2010882865","https://openalex.org/W2082629283","https://openalex.org/W2095396347","https://openalex.org/W2126010946","https://openalex.org/W6602393588"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2964992803","https://openalex.org/W2026217228","https://openalex.org/W2460679371","https://openalex.org/W2990564508","https://openalex.org/W2759560710","https://openalex.org/W2514535745","https://openalex.org/W1566557084","https://openalex.org/W3203739001","https://openalex.org/W2512017221","https://openalex.org/W2957562983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"has":[1],"been":[2],"a":[3,35,151,154],"tremendous":[4],"increase":[5],"in":[6,58,62],"popularity":[7],"and":[8,25,49,61,187],"adoption":[9],"of":[10,38,69,88,100,157,164,184],"wearable":[11,170],"fitness":[12,15,47,71,90,166,171],"trackers.":[13],"These":[14],"trackers":[16,72,91,172],"predominantly":[17],"use":[18,73],"Bluetooth":[19],"Low":[20],"Energy":[21],"(BLE)":[22],"for":[23,106],"communicating":[24],"syncing":[26],"the":[27,46,50,59,70,89,98,128,161],"data":[28],"with":[29,97],"user's":[30,101,111,133],"smartphone.":[31,51],"This":[32,145],"paper":[33],"presents":[34],"measurement-driven":[36],"study":[37],"possible":[39,105,148],"privacy":[40,182],"leakage":[41],"from":[42,141],"BLE":[43,54,75,86,120,129,162],"communication":[44],"between":[45],"tracker":[48],"Using":[52],"real":[53],"traffic":[55,87,121,130,163],"traces":[56],"collected":[57],"wild":[60],"controlled":[63],"experiments,":[64],"we":[65,124],"show":[66],"that":[67,127],"majority":[68],"unchanged":[74],"address":[76],"while":[77],"advertising,":[78],"making":[79,103],"it":[80,104,147],"feasible":[81],"to":[82,94,109,138,143,149,179],"track":[83],"them.":[84],"The":[85],"is":[92,136,178],"found":[93],"be":[95,139],"correlated":[96],"intensity":[99],"activity,":[102],"an":[107],"eavesdropper":[108],"determine":[110],"current":[112],"activity":[113],"(walking,":[114],"sitting,":[115],"idle":[116],"or":[117],"running)":[118],"through":[119],"analysis.":[122],"Furthermore,":[123],"also":[125],"demonstrate":[126],"can":[131],"represent":[132],"gait":[134],"which":[135],"known":[137],"distinct":[140],"user":[142],"user.":[144],"makes":[146],"identify":[150,180],"person":[152],"(from":[153],"small":[155],"group":[156],"users)":[158],"based":[159],"on":[160],"her":[165],"tracker.":[167],"As":[168],"BLE-based":[169],"become":[173],"widely":[174],"adopted,":[175],"our":[176],"aim":[177],"important":[181],"implications":[183],"their":[185],"usage":[186],"discuss":[188],"prevention":[189],"strategies.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}