{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2341612996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2872427.2883039","title":"Remedying Web Hijacking","display_name":"Remedying Web Hijacking","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2341612996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2872427.2883039","mag":"2341612996"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2872427.2883039","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2872427.2883039","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on World Wide Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050884723","display_name":"Frank Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2242-048X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frank Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103870232","display_name":"Grant Ho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grant Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032602150","display_name":"Eric Kuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Kuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075696213","display_name":"Yuan Niu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109171779","display_name":"Lucas Ballard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucas Ballard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024050018","display_name":"Kurt Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3762-5851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kurt Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058819105","display_name":"Elie Bursztein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0316-6906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elie Bursztein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002219113","display_name":"Vern Paxson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2673-543X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vern Paxson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050884723"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.2638,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99011016,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1009","last_page":"1019"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.6233009696006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.613146960735321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5092850923538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.49351394176483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-application","display_name":"Web application","score":0.44533872604370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4348020553588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/appeal","display_name":"Appeal","score":0.42628708481788635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-server","display_name":"Web server","score":0.421779990196228}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.6233009696006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.613146960735321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5092850923538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.49351394176483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.44533872604370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4348020553588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329777","display_name":"Appeal","level":2,"score":0.42628708481788635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11392498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11288","display_name":"Web server","level":3,"score":0.421779990196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2872427.2883039","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2872427.2883039","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on World Wide Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48212787","https://openalex.org/W1420268584","https://openalex.org/W1497454200","https://openalex.org/W1809422330","https://openalex.org/W1851665508","https://openalex.org/W2047028564","https://openalex.org/W2095610745","https://openalex.org/W2112736324","https://openalex.org/W2116696275","https://openalex.org/W2128551894","https://openalex.org/W2139179587","https://openalex.org/W2155743899","https://openalex.org/W2159710624","https://openalex.org/W2397135192","https://openalex.org/W2583531105","https://openalex.org/W2914982603","https://openalex.org/W4234698323"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2270327411","https://openalex.org/W2161479870","https://openalex.org/W1528479792","https://openalex.org/W581435334","https://openalex.org/W2372523617","https://openalex.org/W2537778971","https://openalex.org/W2381437869","https://openalex.org/W3144558929","https://openalex.org/W2973568603","https://openalex.org/W2610179357"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0,132],"miscreants":[1],"routinely":[2],"hijack":[3],"thousands":[4],"of":[5,26,48,50,71,98,134,169,183,192,197,215],"vulnerable":[6],"web":[7,219],"servers":[8],"weekly":[9],"for":[10,115,217,224],"cheap":[11],"hosting":[12],"and":[13,53,85,103,221],"traffic":[14],"acquisition,":[15],"security":[16,220],"services":[17],"have":[18],"turned":[19],"to":[20,23,32,122,125,147,201],"notifications":[21,56],"both":[22],"alert":[24,123,157],"webmasters":[25,94,141,156],"ongoing":[27],"incidents":[28,74],"as":[29,31,79],"well":[30],"expedite":[33],"recovery.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36,112],"work":[37],"we":[38,117,137,166],"present":[39],"the":[40,46,59,68,96,143,189],"first":[41,177],"large-scale":[42],"measurement":[43],"study":[44,66],"on":[45,152,175],"effectiveness":[47],"combinations":[49],"browser,":[51],"search,":[52],"direct":[54,91],"webmaster":[55],"at":[57,108],"reducing":[58],"duration":[60],"a":[61,180,202,213],"site":[62,161,184],"remains":[63],"compromised.":[64],"Our":[65],"captures":[67],"life":[69],"cycle":[70],"760,935":[72],"hijacking":[73,149],"from":[75],"July,":[76],"2014--June,":[77],"2015,":[78],"identified":[80],"by":[81,100,107],"Google":[82,158],"Safe":[83],"Browsing":[84],"Search":[86],"Quality.":[87],"We":[88,208],"observe":[89],"that":[90,159],"communication":[92],"with":[93,129,194],"increases":[95],"likelihood":[97],"cleanup":[99],"over":[101,195],"50%":[102],"reduces":[104],"infection":[105],"lengths":[106],"least":[109],"62%.":[110],"Absent":[111],"open":[113],"channel":[114],"communication,":[116],"find":[118,167],"browser":[119],"interstitials---while":[120],"intended":[121],"visitors":[124],"potentially":[126],"harmful":[127],"content---correlate":[128],"faster":[130],"remediation.":[131],"part":[133],"our":[135],"study,":[136],"also":[138],"explore":[139],"whether":[140],"exhibit":[142],"necessary":[144],"technical":[145],"expertise":[146],"address":[148,188],"incidents.":[150],"Based":[151],"appeal":[153],"logs":[154],"where":[155],"their":[160,176],"is":[162],"no":[163],"longer":[164],"compromised,":[165],"80%":[168],"operators":[170],"successfully":[171],"clean":[172],"up":[173],"symptoms":[174],"appeal.":[178],"However,":[179],"sizeable":[181],"fraction":[182],"owners":[185],"do":[186],"not":[187],"root":[190],"cause":[191],"compromise,":[193],"12%":[196],"sites":[198],"falling":[199],"victim":[200],"new":[203],"attack":[204],"within":[205],"30":[206],"days.":[207],"distill":[209],"these":[210],"findings":[211],"into":[212],"set":[214],"recommendations":[216],"improving":[218],"best":[222],"practices":[223],"webmasters.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}