{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2335915048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2872427.2883018","title":"From Social Machines to Social Protocols","display_name":"From Social Machines to Social Protocols","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2335915048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2872427.2883018","mag":"2335915048"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2872427.2883018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2872427.2883018","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on World Wide Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056087323","display_name":"Amit K. Chopra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4629-7594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amit K. Chopra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020679327","display_name":"Munindar P. Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3599-3893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Munindar P. Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056087323"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.2054,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98537283,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"903","last_page":"914"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.7581691741943359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociotechnical-system","display_name":"Sociotechnical system","score":0.741331934928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/openness-to-experience","display_name":"Openness to experience","score":0.6599429845809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomy","display_name":"Autonomy","score":0.633306622505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6044438481330872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.5275059938430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-computing","display_name":"Social computing","score":0.48988479375839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.4486633539199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3745739758014679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.29488319158554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2783958911895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.14591172337532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.13998273015022278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11025455594062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.10710901021957397}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.7581691741943359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127627568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639361","display_name":"Sociotechnical system","level":2,"score":0.741331934928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84976871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015673","display_name":"Openness to experience","level":2,"score":0.6599429845809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.633306622505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6044438481330872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.5275059938430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74216064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615684","display_name":"Social computing","level":3,"score":0.48988479375839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.4486633539199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3745739758014679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.29488319158554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2783958911895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.14591172337532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.13998273015022278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11025455594062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.10710901021957397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2872427.2883018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2872427.2883018","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on World Wide Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118208217","https://openalex.org/W206216833","https://openalex.org/W585659341","https://openalex.org/W850481693","https://openalex.org/W1481274198","https://openalex.org/W1548778571","https://openalex.org/W1637576460","https://openalex.org/W1692845443","https://openalex.org/W1995911193","https://openalex.org/W1998543083","https://openalex.org/W1999110238","https://openalex.org/W2008300029","https://openalex.org/W2017739343","https://openalex.org/W2019200853","https://openalex.org/W2022078754","https://openalex.org/W2047475087","https://openalex.org/W2064370838","https://openalex.org/W2082147689","https://openalex.org/W2083799270","https://openalex.org/W2097012771","https://openalex.org/W2102985192","https://openalex.org/W2110303520","https://openalex.org/W2113435553","https://openalex.org/W2118027753","https://openalex.org/W2119162888","https://openalex.org/W2122425359","https://openalex.org/W2124499489","https://openalex.org/W2129289644","https://openalex.org/W2129359184","https://openalex.org/W2129899354","https://openalex.org/W2130891285","https://openalex.org/W2134119432","https://openalex.org/W2136348172","https://openalex.org/W2145199772","https://openalex.org/W2146138641","https://openalex.org/W2151284191","https://openalex.org/W2157437711","https://openalex.org/W2162021078","https://openalex.org/W2162951904","https://openalex.org/W2253280844","https://openalex.org/W2261864431","https://openalex.org/W2295046378","https://openalex.org/W2340985688","https://openalex.org/W2398289424","https://openalex.org/W2512968938","https://openalex.org/W2539402368","https://openalex.org/W2589887588","https://openalex.org/W2613814432","https://openalex.org/W2619103847","https://openalex.org/W2963492732"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980714815","https://openalex.org/W3133630643","https://openalex.org/W608490485","https://openalex.org/W2481729736","https://openalex.org/W4389636114","https://openalex.org/W2236208621","https://openalex.org/W3042001456","https://openalex.org/W3135623312","https://openalex.org/W2380146918","https://openalex.org/W2069987855"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"overarching":[1],"vision":[2],"of":[3,19,60,86,92,111,135,157],"social":[4,9,21,49,61,109,126,130,159],"machines":[5,50],"is":[6,76],"to":[7,41,78,106,153],"facilitate":[8],"processes":[10],"by":[11,114,144],"having":[12],"computers":[13],"provide":[14],"administrative":[15],"support.":[16],"We":[17,70,95],"conceive":[18],"a":[20,24,28,73,102,158],"machine":[22],"as":[23,36,101,140],"sociotechnical":[25],"system":[26,30],"(STS):":[27],"software-supported":[29],"in":[31,67],"which":[32],"autonomous":[33],"principals":[34],"such":[35],"humans":[37],"and":[38,44,55,89,117,162],"organizations":[39],"interact":[40],"exchange":[42],"information":[43],"services.":[45],"Existing":[46],"approaches":[47],"for":[48,82],"emphasize":[51],"the":[52,58,84,87,90,108,133,136,150,155],"technical":[53],"aspects":[54],"inadequately":[56],"support":[57],"meanings":[59],"processes,":[62],"leaving":[63],"them":[64],"informally":[65],"realized":[66],"human":[68],"interactions.":[69],"posit":[71],"that":[72],"fundamental":[74],"rethinking":[75],"needed":[77],"incorporate":[79],"accountability,":[80],"essential":[81],"addressing":[83],"openness":[85,116],"Web":[88],"autonomy":[91],"its":[93],"principals.":[94],"introduce":[96],"Interaction-Oriented":[97],"Software":[98],"Engineering":[99],"(IOSE)":[100],"paradigm":[103],"expressly":[104],"suited":[105],"capturing":[107],"basis":[110],"STSs.":[112],"Motivated":[113,143],"promoting":[115],"autonomy,":[118],"IOSE":[119,148],"focuses":[120],"not":[121],"on":[122,125],"implementation":[123],"but":[124],"protocols,":[127],"specifying":[128],"how":[129],"relationships,":[131],"characterizing":[132],"accountability":[134,151],"concerned":[137],"parties,":[138],"progress":[139],"they":[141],"interact.":[142],"providing":[145],"computational":[146],"support,":[147],"adopts":[149],"representation":[152],"capture":[154],"meaning":[156],"machine's":[160],"states":[161],"transitions.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}