{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1796296964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2872427.2883004","title":"Stress Testing the Booters","display_name":"Stress Testing the Booters","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1796296964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2872427.2883004","mag":"1796296964"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2872427.2883004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2872427.2883004","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on World Wide Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081093597","display_name":"Mohammad Karami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-828X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Karami","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078805877","display_name":"Young\u2010Sam Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7924-4264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngsam Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA","University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037313918","display_name":"Damon McCoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7386-7260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damon McCoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.6357,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98453137,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1033","last_page":"1043"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.7324021458625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.7010563015937805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6483837366104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.6001269817352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.49557363986968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","score":0.46725010871887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4107586145401001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40016618371009827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.12691214680671692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.11625000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.08656889200210571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.07504621148109436}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.7324021458625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.7010563015937805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6483837366104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.6001269817352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.49557363986968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.46725010871887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4107586145401001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40016618371009827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.12691214680671692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.11625000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.08656889200210571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.07504621148109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2872427.2883004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2872427.2883004","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on World Wide Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1432036814","https://openalex.org/W1461804874","https://openalex.org/W1481925780","https://openalex.org/W1499648394","https://openalex.org/W1520068592","https://openalex.org/W1597482600","https://openalex.org/W1815362064","https://openalex.org/W1967949770","https://openalex.org/W1970863228","https://openalex.org/W1989454965","https://openalex.org/W2000497232","https://openalex.org/W2008312500","https://openalex.org/W2011366667","https://openalex.org/W2061133001","https://openalex.org/W2063104870","https://openalex.org/W2081357650","https://openalex.org/W2087766914","https://openalex.org/W2091692346","https://openalex.org/W2112736324","https://openalex.org/W2116696275","https://openalex.org/W2119227347","https://openalex.org/W2120960514","https://openalex.org/W2121252355","https://openalex.org/W2134385885","https://openalex.org/W2141985040","https://openalex.org/W2158673492","https://openalex.org/W2164322841","https://openalex.org/W2164686665","https://openalex.org/W2344840125","https://openalex.org/W2564812877","https://openalex.org/W2583531105","https://openalex.org/W2585990361","https://openalex.org/W2914012796","https://openalex.org/W4250493029","https://openalex.org/W6684262448"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386482731","https://openalex.org/W2765763546","https://openalex.org/W4385302085","https://openalex.org/W2360429410","https://openalex.org/W4390188535","https://openalex.org/W4256682929","https://openalex.org/W335511927","https://openalex.org/W2471811227","https://openalex.org/W2217591390","https://openalex.org/W2157496457"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"DDoS-for-hire":[0],"services,":[1],"also":[2,64],"known":[3,41],"as":[4,108],"booters,":[5,38],"have":[6],"commoditized":[7],"DDoS":[8,130],"attacks":[9,131],"and":[10,21,24,46,60,70,80,91,104,132],"enabled":[11],"abusive":[12],"subscribers":[13],"of":[14,36,57,68,88,127,129,145],"these":[15,37,121,139],"services":[16,140],"to":[17,32,111,137],"cheaply":[18],"extort,":[19],"harass":[20],"intimidate":[22],"businesses":[23],"people":[25],"by":[26,141],"taking":[27],"them":[28],"offline.":[29],"However,":[30],"due":[31],"the":[33],"underground":[34],"nature":[35],"little":[39],"is":[40],"about":[42],"their":[43,58,89,112,143],"underlying":[44],"technical":[45,59],"business":[47],"structure.":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50],"paper,":[51],"we":[52,94,118],"empirically":[53],"measure":[54],"many":[55],"facets":[56],"payment":[61,98],"infrastructure.":[62],"We":[63],"perform":[65],"an":[66,85],"analysis":[67],"leaked":[69],"scraped":[71],"data":[72],"from":[73],"three":[74],"major":[75],"booters---Asylum":[76],"Stresser,":[77],"Lizard":[78],"Stresser":[79],"VDO---which":[81],"provides":[82],"us":[83],"with":[84,102],"in-depth":[86],"view":[87],"customers":[90],"victims.":[92],"Finally,":[93],"conduct":[95],"a":[96,109],"large-scale":[97],"intervention":[99],"in":[100],"collaboration":[101],"PayPal":[103],"evaluate":[105],"its":[106],"effectiveness":[107],"deterrent":[110],"operations.":[113],"Based":[114],"on":[115],"our":[116],"analysis,":[117],"show":[119],"that":[120],"booters":[122],"are":[123],"responsible":[124],"for":[125],"hundreds":[126],"thousands":[128],"identify":[133],"potentially":[134],"promising":[135],"methods":[136],"undermine":[138],"increasing":[142],"costs":[144],"operation.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}