{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2333320475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2872362.2872397","title":"A DNA-Based Archival Storage System","display_name":"A DNA-Based Archival Storage System","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2333320475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2872362.2872397","mag":"2333320475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2872362.2872397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2872362.2872397","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-First International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055964348","display_name":"James Bornholt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3258-3226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Bornholt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035938320","display_name":"Randolph Lopez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randolph Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086518845","display_name":"Douglas M. Carmean","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas M. Carmean","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081914923","display_name":"Lu\u00eds Ceze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-6217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Ceze","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021731745","display_name":"Georg Seelig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3163-8782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georg Seelig","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024493389","display_name":"Karin Strau\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8327-5477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karin Strauss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.6301,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":310,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9949031,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"637","last_page":"649"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12640","display_name":"Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access","display_name":"Random access","score":0.7140847444534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6944536566734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.6771279573440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6730107665061951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.539271354675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-data-storage","display_name":"Computer data storage","score":0.5277774333953857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raw-data","display_name":"Raw data","score":0.48105597496032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-data-store","display_name":"Distributed data store","score":0.46005839109420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna","display_name":"DNA","score":0.4260249435901642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.40810030698776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3257724940776825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3205609917640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.32044532895088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.21720144152641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.20028364658355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.14761275053024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.11451888084411621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10962074995040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10615026950836182}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101722063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218825","display_name":"Random access","level":2,"score":0.7140847444534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6944536566734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6771279573440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6730107665061951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.539271354675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194739806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66221","display_name":"Computer data storage","level":2,"score":0.5277774333953857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132964779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw data","level":2,"score":0.48105597496032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24885549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339678","display_name":"Distributed data store","level":2,"score":0.46005839109420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.4260249435901642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.40810030698776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3257724940776825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3205609917640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32044532895088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.21720144152641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.20028364658355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.14761275053024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.11451888084411621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10962074995040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10615026950836182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2872362.2872397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2872362.2872397","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-First International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2231878454","display_name":"SHF: Medium: A Code-Centric Approach to Specifying, Checking, and Discovering Shared-Memory Communication","funder_award_id":"1064497","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8848415769","display_name":"SHF: Medium: DNA-based Molecular Architecture with Spatially Localized Components","funder_award_id":"1409831","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308943","display_name":"Microsoft Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546253253","https://openalex.org/W1638607105","https://openalex.org/W1643629030","https://openalex.org/W1946587648","https://openalex.org/W1977312644","https://openalex.org/W1984248485","https://openalex.org/W1986292487","https://openalex.org/W1990476699","https://openalex.org/W2014680464","https://openalex.org/W2015280129","https://openalex.org/W2025383314","https://openalex.org/W2029583307","https://openalex.org/W2033982707","https://openalex.org/W2052976715","https://openalex.org/W2054615424","https://openalex.org/W2060108852","https://openalex.org/W2066319051","https://openalex.org/W2076151007","https://openalex.org/W2114487425","https://openalex.org/W2125615424","https://openalex.org/W2126557729","https://openalex.org/W2148575324","https://openalex.org/W2162980030","https://openalex.org/W2328779143","https://openalex.org/W2419670765","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2890987641","https://openalex.org/W2372410868","https://openalex.org/W2374861481","https://openalex.org/W2205290344","https://openalex.org/W2785349009","https://openalex.org/W2994768483","https://openalex.org/W2025557598","https://openalex.org/W3137135443","https://openalex.org/W2769329074","https://openalex.org/W1844167575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Demand":[0],"for":[1,55,91,146],"data":[2,22],"storage":[3,12,59,145],"is":[4,14,23,29,62],"growing":[5],"exponentially,":[6],"but":[7],"the":[8,101,128,140],"capacity":[9],"of":[10,36,46,100,111,123,143],"existing":[11],"media":[13],"not":[15],"keeping":[16],"up.":[17],"Using":[18],"DNA":[19,113,144],"to":[20,73,127],"archive":[21],"an":[24,53],"attractive":[25],"possibility":[26],"because":[27],"it":[28],"extremely":[30],"dense,":[31],"with":[32,43,104],"a":[33,56,65,80,115],"raw":[34],"limit":[35],"1":[37],"exabyte/mm3":[38],"(109":[39],"GB/mm3),":[40],"and":[41,68,98,114,120],"long-lasting,":[42],"observed":[44],"half-life":[45],"over":[47],"500":[48],"years.":[49],"This":[50],"paper":[51],"presents":[52],"architecture":[54],"DNA-based":[57],"archival":[58],"system.":[60],"It":[61],"structured":[63],"as":[64],"key-value":[66],"store,":[67],"leverages":[69],"common":[70],"biochemical":[71],"techniques":[72],"provide":[74],"random":[75,96],"access.":[76],"We":[77,93],"also":[78],"propose":[79],"new":[81],"encoding":[82,103],"scheme":[83],"that":[84,138],"offers":[85],"controllable":[86],"redundancy,":[87],"trading":[88],"off":[89],"reliability":[90],"density.":[92],"demonstrate":[94],"feasibility,":[95],"access,":[97],"robustness":[99],"proposed":[102],"wet":[105,129],"lab":[106,130],"experiments":[107,122],"involving":[108],"151":[109],"kB":[110,117],"synthesized":[112],"42":[116],"random-access":[118],"subset,":[119],"simulation":[121],"larger":[124,148],"sets":[125],"calibrated":[126],"experiments.":[131],"Finally,":[132],"we":[133],"highlight":[134],"trends":[135],"in":[136],"biotechnology":[137],"indicate":[139],"impending":[141],"practicality":[142],"much":[147],"datasets.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}