{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2273847690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858535","title":"Empath","display_name":"Empath","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2273847690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858535","mag":"2273847690"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2858036.2858535","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858535","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.06979","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089313267","display_name":"Ethan Fast","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9093-1299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ethan Fast","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100687676","display_name":"Binbin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2973-2718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binbin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076189854","display_name":"Michael S. Bernstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8020-9434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1743320","display_name":"Palo Alto University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f812k67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1743320"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael S. Bernstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1743320","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089313267"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":33.1298,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":325,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99668583,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4647","last_page":"4657"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6789560914039612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6424933671951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5993147492408752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5923833847045898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5760075449943542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.5569267868995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4726877510547638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.4380944073200226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neglect","display_name":"Neglect","score":0.41247838735580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.17891466617584229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1402122676372528}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6789560914039612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6424933671951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5993147492408752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5923833847045898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5760075449943542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5569267868995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4726877510547638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.4380944073200226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776289891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931511","display_name":"Neglect","level":2,"score":0.41247838735580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.17891466617584229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1402122676372528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2858036.2858535","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858535","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1602.06979","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1602.06979","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.06979","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1602.06979","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1602.06979","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.06979","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2402700","https://openalex.org/W38739846","https://openalex.org/W299205376","https://openalex.org/W354847797","https://openalex.org/W1505742155","https://openalex.org/W1814626764","https://openalex.org/W1968380849","https://openalex.org/W2006044072","https://openalex.org/W2007644286","https://openalex.org/W2008803468","https://openalex.org/W2016089260","https://openalex.org/W2019385820","https://openalex.org/W2040467972","https://openalex.org/W2055699460","https://openalex.org/W2064230935","https://openalex.org/W2065647385","https://openalex.org/W2081580037","https://openalex.org/W2082291422","https://openalex.org/W2099813784","https://openalex.org/W2110151287","https://openalex.org/W2121277371","https://openalex.org/W2125943921","https://openalex.org/W2125990861","https://openalex.org/W2140910804","https://openalex.org/W2141599568","https://openalex.org/W2142189376","https://openalex.org/W2143976867","https://openalex.org/W2151543699","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2155328222","https://openalex.org/W2158794898","https://openalex.org/W2161283199","https://openalex.org/W2166706824","https://openalex.org/W2167277498","https://openalex.org/W2199803028","https://openalex.org/W2220198137","https://openalex.org/W2251939518","https://openalex.org/W2263837627","https://openalex.org/W2274505579","https://openalex.org/W2281258985","https://openalex.org/W2313494261","https://openalex.org/W2318570689","https://openalex.org/W2407706885","https://openalex.org/W2470543263","https://openalex.org/W2489406233","https://openalex.org/W2949965121","https://openalex.org/W2949998441","https://openalex.org/W2951278869","https://openalex.org/W2963400608","https://openalex.org/W2963790016","https://openalex.org/W3022671937","https://openalex.org/W3099938878","https://openalex.org/W3146306708","https://openalex.org/W4233096394","https://openalex.org/W4256441345","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4293355737","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W4386506836"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2159755425","https://openalex.org/W1969705708","https://openalex.org/W2335173445","https://openalex.org/W4256003934","https://openalex.org/W605469898","https://openalex.org/W2415081177","https://openalex.org/W2404105892","https://openalex.org/W4206611539","https://openalex.org/W1605212617"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"language":[1],"is":[2],"colored":[3],"by":[4,61],"a":[5,18,26,39,64,77,85,102],"broad":[6],"range":[7],"of":[8,21,42,73,80],"topics,":[9],"but":[10],"existing":[11],"text":[12,108],"analysis":[13],"tools":[14],"only":[15],"focus":[16],"on":[17,36],"small":[19,40,78],"number":[20],"them.":[22],"We":[23,130],"present":[24],"Empath,":[25],"tool":[27],"that":[28,83,132],"can":[29],"generate":[30,50],"and":[31,47,59,127],"validate":[32],"new":[33,94],"lexical":[34],"categories":[35,113,137,144],"demand":[37],"from":[38,117],"set":[41,79],"seed":[43,81],"terms":[44],"(like":[45],"\"bleed\"":[46],"\"punch\"":[48],"to":[49,92],"the":[51,99],"category":[52,100],"violence).":[53],"Empath":[54,87,105],"draws":[55],"connotations":[56],"between":[57],"words":[58,72,82],"phrases":[60],"deep":[62],"learning":[63],"neural":[65,90],"embedding":[66,91],"across":[67,109],"more":[68],"than":[69],"1.8":[70],"billion":[71],"modern":[74],"fiction.":[75],"Given":[76],"characterize":[84],"category,":[86],"uses":[88],"its":[89],"discover":[93],"related":[95],"terms,":[96],"then":[97],"validates":[98],"with":[101,142],"crowd-powered":[103],"filter.":[104],"also":[106],"analyzes":[107],"200":[110],"built-in,":[111],"pre-validated":[112],"we":[114],"have":[115],"generated":[116],"common":[118],"topics":[119],"in":[120,145],"our":[121],"web":[122],"dataset,":[123],"like":[124],"neglect,":[125],"government,":[126],"social":[128],"media.":[129],"show":[131],"Empath's":[133],"data-driven,":[134],"human":[135],"validated":[136],"are":[138],"highly":[139],"correlated":[140],"(r=0.906)":[141],"similar":[143],"LIWC.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
