{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2397597494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858421","title":"IJQwerty","display_name":"IJQwerty","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2397597494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858421","mag":"2397597494"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2858036.2858421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858421","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2858036.2858421?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2858036.2858421?download=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016901770","display_name":"Xiaojun Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9716-7709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005293560","display_name":"Shumin Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0752-2090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shumin Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7349,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94944064,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"49","last_page":"58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learnability","display_name":"Learnability","score":0.8689872622489929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7605457305908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swap","display_name":"Swap (finance)","score":0.5658430457115173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.5268127918243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/page-layout","display_name":"Page layout","score":0.4659980535507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-entry","display_name":"Text entry","score":0.45311295986175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-curve","display_name":"Learning curve","score":0.44481298327445984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4229670763015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.40533772110939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39704835414886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09141719341278076}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777723229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4367921","display_name":"Learnability","level":2,"score":0.8689872622489929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7605457305908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99821215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136583","display_name":"Swap (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5658430457115173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.5268127918243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188985296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868954","display_name":"Page layout","level":2,"score":0.4659980535507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988504831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192366","display_name":"Text entry","level":2,"score":0.45311295986175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34585555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368723","display_name":"Learning curve","level":2,"score":0.44481298327445984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4229670763015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.40533772110939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39704835414886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09141719341278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2858036.2858421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858421","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2858036.2858421?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2858036.2858421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858421","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2858036.2858421?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2397597494.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2397597494.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495886451","https://openalex.org/W1550321890","https://openalex.org/W1590330054","https://openalex.org/W1984520644","https://openalex.org/W2001340812","https://openalex.org/W2010376411","https://openalex.org/W2012241589","https://openalex.org/W2032505690","https://openalex.org/W2041323237","https://openalex.org/W2045522158","https://openalex.org/W2050188448","https://openalex.org/W2099287431","https://openalex.org/W2124810338","https://openalex.org/W2125904902","https://openalex.org/W2133990837","https://openalex.org/W2134512786","https://openalex.org/W2134549953","https://openalex.org/W2136834268","https://openalex.org/W2138309709","https://openalex.org/W2153795273","https://openalex.org/W2154828295","https://openalex.org/W2165645720","https://openalex.org/W2179427518","https://openalex.org/W3122982033","https://openalex.org/W3133437545","https://openalex.org/W4239127880","https://openalex.org/W4302368402"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4242898319","https://openalex.org/W160220533","https://openalex.org/W645271050","https://openalex.org/W2061572768","https://openalex.org/W3041257813","https://openalex.org/W4293067635","https://openalex.org/W2786500527","https://openalex.org/W1506703365","https://openalex.org/W3173916861","https://openalex.org/W2397597494"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"of":[1,5,14,36,68,88,135],"a":[2,94,125,156,162],"significant":[3],"body":[4],"research":[6,140],"in":[7,44],"optimizing":[8],"the":[9,23,83,97,114,119,143,153],"virtual":[10],"keyboard":[11],"layout,":[12],"none":[13],"them":[15],"has":[16,64],"gained":[17],"large":[18,131],"adoption,":[19],"primarily":[20],"due":[21],"to":[22,61,105,160,165],"steep":[24],"learning":[25,30,154],"curve.":[26],"To":[27,151],"address":[28],"this":[29],"problem,":[31],"we":[32],"introduced":[33],"three":[34],"types":[35],"Qwerty":[37,92,146],"constraints,":[38],"Qwerty1,":[39],"QwertyH1,":[40],"and":[41,47,54,76,85,122],"One-Swap":[42],"bounds":[43],"layout":[45,52,126,149,158],"optimization,":[46],"investigated":[48],"their":[49],"effects":[50],"on":[51],"learnability":[53],"performance.":[55],"This":[56],"bounded":[57],"optimization":[58],"process":[59],"leads":[60],"IJQwerty,":[62],"which":[63],"only":[65],"one":[66],"pair":[67],"keys":[69],"different":[70],"from":[71,145],"Qwerty.":[72,117,166],"Our":[73,139],"theoretical":[74],"analysis":[75],"user":[77,95],"study":[78],"show":[79],"that":[80],"IJQwerty":[81,100],"improves":[82],"accuracy":[84],"input":[86],"speed":[87,112],"gesture":[89],"typing":[90],"over":[91],"once":[93],"reaches":[96],"expert":[98],"mode.":[99],"is":[101,113],"also":[102,141],"extremely":[103],"easy":[104],"learn.":[106],"The":[107],"initial":[108],"upon-use":[109],"text":[110],"entry":[111],"same":[115],"with":[116],"Given":[118],"high":[120],"performance":[121],"learnability,":[123],"such":[124],"will":[127],"more":[128],"likely":[129],"gain":[130],"adoption":[132],"than":[133],"any":[134],"previously":[136],"obtained":[137],"layouts.":[138],"shows":[142],"disparity":[144],"substantially":[147],"affects":[148],"learning.":[150],"minimize":[152],"effort,":[155],"new":[157],"needs":[159],"hold":[161],"strong":[163],"resemblance":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}