{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2395105390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858152","title":"SkullConduct","display_name":"SkullConduct","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2395105390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858152","mag":"2395105390"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2858036.2858152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858152","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024328962","display_name":"Stefan Schneega\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-4934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Schneegass","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014456106","display_name":"Youssef Oualil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8528-3339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youssef Oualil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saarland University, Saarbr\u00fcken, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saarland University, Saarbr\u00fcken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073661463","display_name":"Andreas Bulling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6317-7303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Bulling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024328962"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0611,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97677742,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1379","last_page":"1384"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13289","display_name":"Infant Health and Development","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3611","display_name":"Pharmacy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7618383169174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.7284194231033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.6975268125534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mel-frequency-cepstrum","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","score":0.5879634022712708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.5449693202972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphone","display_name":"Microphone","score":0.5186552405357361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5144908428192139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eyewear","display_name":"Eyewear","score":0.5117499828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-conduction","display_name":"Bone conduction","score":0.4632939100265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-cosine-transform","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","score":0.42493414878845215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3995983898639679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.38906654715538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3675808310508728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3601771295070648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3530055284500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1614588499069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.12694162130355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10994088649749756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.09422007203102112}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7618383169174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.7284194231033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.6975268125534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151989614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440370","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","level":3,"score":0.5879634022712708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.5449693202972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46384","display_name":"Microphone","level":3,"score":0.5186552405357361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5144908428192139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780527195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422874","display_name":"Eyewear","level":2,"score":0.5117499828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97785308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490249","display_name":"Bone conduction","level":2,"score":0.4632939100265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.42493414878845215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3995983898639679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.38906654715538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3675808310508728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3601771295070648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3530055284500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1614588499069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.12694162130355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10994088649749756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.09422007203102112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68115822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068172","display_name":"Sound pressure","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2858036.2858152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858152","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492443045","https://openalex.org/W1510532633","https://openalex.org/W1955134710","https://openalex.org/W1966383176","https://openalex.org/W1983589513","https://openalex.org/W1989713181","https://openalex.org/W1990048243","https://openalex.org/W2015119098","https://openalex.org/W2022376209","https://openalex.org/W2031780941","https://openalex.org/W2038790378","https://openalex.org/W2068548805","https://openalex.org/W2076804129","https://openalex.org/W2087992518","https://openalex.org/W2092216166","https://openalex.org/W2106256730","https://openalex.org/W2114296568","https://openalex.org/W2148154194","https://openalex.org/W2150000966","https://openalex.org/W2151373013","https://openalex.org/W2164675859","https://openalex.org/W2223081797"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133527807","https://openalex.org/W2294000795","https://openalex.org/W2972340384","https://openalex.org/W2972915848","https://openalex.org/W3014431668","https://openalex.org/W2895531758","https://openalex.org/W3016294780","https://openalex.org/W2087037288","https://openalex.org/W2583524688","https://openalex.org/W2548564146"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Secure":[0],"user":[1,161],"identification":[2,162],"is":[3,66,113],"important":[4],"for":[5,20],"the":[6,42,62,71,77,125],"increasing":[7],"number":[8],"of":[9,39,54,64,83,156],"eyewear":[10,164],"computers":[11,165],"but":[12],"limited":[13],"input":[14],"capabilities":[15],"pose":[16],"significant":[17],"usability":[18],"challenges":[19],"established":[21],"knowledge-based":[22],"schemes,":[23],"such":[24,57],"as":[25,45,47,58,90,92,133],"passwords":[26],"or":[27],"PINs.":[28],"We":[29,98,137],"present":[30],"SkullConduct,":[31],"a":[32,48,67,81,93,101,134],"biometric":[33,160],"system":[34],"that":[35,107,109,139],"uses":[36],"bone":[37,168],"conduction":[38,169],"sound":[40],"through":[41],"user's":[43,78],"skull":[44,79],"well":[46,91],"microphone":[49],"readily":[50],"integrated":[51],"into":[52],"many":[53],"these":[55],"devices,":[56],"Google":[59],"Glass.":[60],"At":[61],"core":[63],"SkullConduct":[65],"method":[68,141],"to":[69,163],"analyze":[70],"characteristic":[72],"frequency":[73,111],"response":[74,112],"created":[75],"by":[76],"using":[80],"combination":[82],"Mel":[84],"Frequency":[85],"Cepstral":[86],"Coefficient":[87],"(MFCC)":[88],"features":[89],"computationally":[94],"light-weight":[95],"1NN":[96],"classifier.":[97],"report":[99],"on":[100,124],"controlled":[102],"experiment":[103],"with":[104,145,151,167],"10":[105],"participants":[106],"shows":[108],"this":[110],"person-specific":[114],"and":[115,122,130,148],"stable":[116],"--":[117,129],"even":[118],"when":[119],"taking":[120],"off":[121],"putting":[123],"device":[126],"multiple":[127],"times":[128],"thus":[131],"serves":[132],"robust":[135],"biometric.":[136],"show":[138],"our":[140],"can":[142],"identify":[143],"users":[144],"97.0%":[146],"accuracy":[147],"authenticate":[149],"them":[150],"an":[152],"equal":[153],"error":[154],"rate":[155],"6.9%,":[157],"thereby":[158],"bringing":[159],"equipped":[166],"technology.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}