{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2406148581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858049","title":"Of Two Minds, Multiple Addresses, and One Ledger","display_name":"Of Two Minds, Multiple Addresses, and One Ledger","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2406148581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858049","mag":"2406148581"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2858036.2858049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858049","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2858049&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2858049&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003590909","display_name":"Xianyi Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianyi Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081891701","display_name":"Gradeigh D. Clark","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gradeigh D. Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019562468","display_name":"Janne Lindqvist","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janne Lindqvist","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1656","last_page":"1668"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.735236406326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-currency","display_name":"Digital currency","score":0.7282544374465942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.7009707689285278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/currency","display_name":"Currency","score":0.6588529944419861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.65559983253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.6168488264083862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ledger","display_name":"Ledger","score":0.6152865290641785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.5474045276641846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5206657648086548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-currency","display_name":"Virtual currency","score":0.5177839994430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5019311904907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.49778008460998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4820759892463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment-system","display_name":"Payment system","score":0.4747248888015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-ledger","display_name":"Distributed ledger","score":0.45417356491088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.42369717359542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ideal","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","score":0.41003838181495667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.33731138706207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monetary-economics","display_name":"Monetary economics","score":0.29528212547302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.24914151430130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.18611684441566467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.15534281730651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.1432839035987854}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.735236406326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48220719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10836209","display_name":"Digital currency","level":3,"score":0.7282544374465942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.7009707689285278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141121606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8142","display_name":"Currency","level":2,"score":0.6588529944419861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.65559983253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.6168488264083862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91302708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732056","display_name":"Ledger","level":2,"score":0.6152865290641785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5474045276641846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5206657648086548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47487560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112083","display_name":"Virtual currency","level":3,"score":0.5177839994430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5019311904907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.49778008460998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4820759892463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776983043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q986008","display_name":"Payment system","level":3,"score":0.4747248888015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777541363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110971","display_name":"Distributed ledger","level":3,"score":0.45417356491088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.42369717359542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840396","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","level":2,"score":0.41003838181495667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.33731138706207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.29528212547302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.24914151430130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.18611684441566467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.15534281730651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1432839035987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2858036.2858049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858049","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2858049&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2858036.2858049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858049","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2858049&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4156309035","display_name":"SoCS: Collaborative Research: Local Community Crowdsourcing of Physical-World Tasks with Myrmex","funder_award_id":"1211079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6623475585","display_name":"Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP)","funder_award_id":"1433187","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7567905026","display_name":"EARS: Machine Learning and Social Protocols for Enhancing Spectrum Access for Wireless Communications","funder_award_id":"1546689","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333566","display_name":"National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2406148581.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2406148581.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9965781","https://openalex.org/W103145994","https://openalex.org/W154851090","https://openalex.org/W409344806","https://openalex.org/W635630854","https://openalex.org/W1546375055","https://openalex.org/W1558585115","https://openalex.org/W1589846406","https://openalex.org/W1601001795","https://openalex.org/W1695856642","https://openalex.org/W1797450616","https://openalex.org/W1907293129","https://openalex.org/W1969590955","https://openalex.org/W1979893998","https://openalex.org/W1993755359","https://openalex.org/W1997922838","https://openalex.org/W2002026542","https://openalex.org/W2010379553","https://openalex.org/W2019154403","https://openalex.org/W2022932831","https://openalex.org/W2040467613","https://openalex.org/W2045062362","https://openalex.org/W2046351627","https://openalex.org/W2061432818","https://openalex.org/W2077779737","https://openalex.org/W2106873227","https://openalex.org/W2108415317","https://openalex.org/W2148197396","https://openalex.org/W2152090207","https://openalex.org/W2152805860","https://openalex.org/W2153130747","https://openalex.org/W2154457496","https://openalex.org/W2158565140","https://openalex.org/W2161416673","https://openalex.org/W2204191947","https://openalex.org/W2320359201","https://openalex.org/W2324799740","https://openalex.org/W2506418666","https://openalex.org/W2592745586","https://openalex.org/W2734940320","https://openalex.org/W2796748378","https://openalex.org/W2886706106","https://openalex.org/W2962706536","https://openalex.org/W3029543831","https://openalex.org/W3105099041","https://openalex.org/W3124703511","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4302550455","https://openalex.org/W6670246547"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226088185","https://openalex.org/W3005980542","https://openalex.org/W4298013519","https://openalex.org/W2810405473","https://openalex.org/W4310615773","https://openalex.org/W2791642565","https://openalex.org/W68244391","https://openalex.org/W3125055505","https://openalex.org/W2515388767","https://openalex.org/W2510542389"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"currencies":[1],"represent":[2],"a":[3,9,41,45],"new":[4,22],"method":[5,11],"for":[6],"exchange":[7],"--":[8],"payment":[10,118],"with":[12,64],"no":[13],"physical":[14],"form,":[15],"made":[16],"real":[17],"by":[18,122],"the":[19,49,76,100,107],"Internet.":[20],"This":[21],"type":[23],"of":[24,44,59,67,91,109,116],"currency":[25],"was":[26],"created":[27],"to":[28,33,134],"ease":[29],"online":[30],"transactions":[31],"and":[32,70,111,132],"provide":[34],"greater":[35],"convenience":[36],"in":[37,98],"making":[38],"payments.":[39],"However,":[40],"critical":[42],"component":[43],"monetary":[46],"system":[47],"is":[48],"people":[50],"who":[51],"use":[52],"it.":[53],"Acknowledging":[54],"this,":[55],"we":[56],"present":[57],"results":[58,83,126],"our":[60,123],"interview":[61],"study":[62],"(N=20)":[63],"two":[65],"groups":[66],"participants":[68],"(users":[69],"non-users)":[71],"about":[72,106],"how":[73,99],"they":[74,88,103],"perceive":[75],"most":[77],"popular":[78],"digital":[79],"currency,":[80],"Bitcoin.":[81],"Our":[82,125],"reveal:":[84],"non-users":[85],"mistakenly":[86],"believe":[87],"are":[89,95],"incapable":[90],"using":[92],"Bitcoin,":[93],"users":[94],"not":[96],"well-versed":[97],"protocol":[101],"functions,":[102],"have":[104],"misconceptions":[105],"privacy":[108],"transactions,":[110],"that":[112],"Bitcoin":[113],"satisfies":[114],"properties":[115],"ideal":[117],"systems":[119],"as":[120],"defined":[121],"participants.":[124],"illustrate":[127],"Bitcoin's":[128],"tradeoffs,":[129],"its":[130],"uses,":[131],"barriers":[133],"entry.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}