{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293154803","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2857491.2857520","title":"Labelled pupils in the wild","display_name":"Labelled pupils in the wild","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293154803","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2857491.2857520"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2857491.2857520","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2857491.2857520","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1511.05768","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055370369","display_name":"Marc Tonsen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Tonsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010012679","display_name":"Xucong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-3542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xucong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066894394","display_name":"Yusuke Sugano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4206-710X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yusuke Sugano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073661463","display_name":"Andreas Bulling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6317-7303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Bulling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2793,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":123,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97041801,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"139","last_page":"142"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10997","display_name":"Ocular Surface and Contact Lens","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pupil","display_name":"Pupil","score":0.8412829041481018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.7269254922866821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.725508451461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6888505816459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6781872510910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.6495434045791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6406158208847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bittorrent-tracker","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","score":0.5736271142959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4275369942188263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.13749557733535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1340431571006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11643776297569275}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777394604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173318","display_name":"Pupil","level":2,"score":0.8412829041481018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.7269254922866821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.725508451461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6888505816459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6781872510910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.6495434045791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6406158208847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57501372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021268","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","level":3,"score":0.5736271142959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4275369942188263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.13749557733535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1340431571006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11643776297569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2857491.2857520","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2857491.2857520","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1511.05768","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1511.05768","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1511.05768","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1511.05768","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1511.05768","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1511.05768","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338075","display_name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986291329","https://openalex.org/W2017617273","https://openalex.org/W2043033468","https://openalex.org/W2046399019","https://openalex.org/W2167020116","https://openalex.org/W2235775875","https://openalex.org/W2256808982","https://openalex.org/W2397023066","https://openalex.org/W2949581707"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2480793735","https://openalex.org/W2518876086","https://openalex.org/W4384788979","https://openalex.org/W2511178891","https://openalex.org/W178060743","https://openalex.org/W2909390414","https://openalex.org/W2126676984","https://openalex.org/W2954509079","https://openalex.org/W2161294397","https://openalex.org/W2012644758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,86,102],"present":[1],"labelled":[2],"pupils":[3],"in":[4,29,37],"the":[5,19,105,130],"wild":[6],"(LPW),":[7],"a":[8,45,58],"novel":[9],"dataset":[10,31,76,95],"of":[11,23,54,61,107],"66":[12],"high-quality,":[13],"high-speed":[14],"eye":[15,49,148],"region":[16],"videos":[17,28],"for":[18,142],"development":[20],"and":[21,57,64,84,100,110,135],"evaluation":[22],"pupil":[24,90,121,132,144],"detection":[25,91,122,133,145],"algorithms.":[26],"The":[27,75],"our":[30,94],"were":[32],"recorded":[33],"from":[34],"22":[35],"participants":[36,79],"everyday":[38,62],"locations":[39],"at":[40],"about":[41],"95":[42],"FPS":[43],"using":[44],"state-of-the-art":[46,89],"dark-pupil":[47],"head-mounted":[48,147],"tracker.":[50],"They":[51],"cover":[52],"people":[53],"different":[55],"ethnicities":[56],"diverse":[59],"set":[60],"indoor":[63],"outdoor":[65],"illumination":[66],"environments,":[67],"as":[68,70,113,115],"well":[69,114],"natural":[71],"gaze":[72],"direction":[73],"distributions.":[74],"also":[77],"includes":[78],"wearing":[80],"glasses,":[81],"contact":[82],"lenses,":[83],"make-up.":[85],"benchmark":[87],"five":[88],"algorithms":[92],"on":[93,120,146],"with":[96],"respect":[97],"to":[98,138],"robustness":[99],"accuracy.":[101],"further":[103],"study":[104],"influence":[106],"image":[108],"resolution":[109],"vision":[111],"aids":[112],"recording":[116],"location":[117],"(indoor,":[118],"outdoor)":[119],"performance.":[123],"Our":[124],"evaluations":[125],"provide":[126],"valuable":[127],"insights":[128],"into":[129],"general":[131],"problem":[134],"allow":[136],"us":[137],"identify":[139],"key":[140],"challenges":[141],"robust":[143],"trackers.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2022-08-27T00:00:00"}