{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2333065964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2854946.2854993","title":"Are Secondary Assessors Uncertain When They Disagree About Relevance Judgements?","display_name":"Are Secondary Assessors Uncertain When They Disagree About Relevance Judgements?","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2333065964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2854946.2854993","mag":"2333065964"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2854946.2854993","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2854946.2854993","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM on Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000280566","display_name":"Aiman L. Al-Harbi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aiman L. Al-Harbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049222552","display_name":"Mark D. Smucker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4968-6405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark D. Smucker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"233","last_page":"236"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13274","display_name":"Expert finding and Q&A systems","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judgement","display_name":"Judgement","score":0.8949646949768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.8892565369606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certainty","display_name":"Certainty","score":0.7877633571624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjudication","display_name":"Adjudication","score":0.6903530359268188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.6526657342910767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5189225673675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.48573166131973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4846382737159729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12019762396812439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.08852744102478027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.0685293972492218}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776548248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12621536","display_name":"Judgement","level":2,"score":0.8949646949768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.8892565369606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7493553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1520777","display_name":"Certainty","level":2,"score":0.7877633571624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204434341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357789","display_name":"Adjudication","level":2,"score":0.6903530359268188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6526657342910767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5189225673675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.48573166131973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4846382737159729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12019762396812439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.08852744102478027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0685293972492218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2854946.2854993","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2854946.2854993","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM on Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322676","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330814","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987016195","https://openalex.org/W2008285050","https://openalex.org/W2037377096","https://openalex.org/W2050467853","https://openalex.org/W2052989395","https://openalex.org/W2053397947","https://openalex.org/W2120308175","https://openalex.org/W2781361141"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2884884929","https://openalex.org/W2360072188","https://openalex.org/W864029991","https://openalex.org/W2058868407","https://openalex.org/W2130378978","https://openalex.org/W2373192550","https://openalex.org/W3123742489","https://openalex.org/W2119185745","https://openalex.org/W2529033802","https://openalex.org/W2183824611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"collection":[1],"of":[2,20,59,87,95,176],"relevance":[3,23,39,99,131],"judgements":[4,51,100,132],"by":[5,106],"assessors":[6,34,46,84,125,135,156],"is":[7,25,42,63,174],"important":[8],"for":[9,52,104,146,153,179,185],"many":[10,33],"information":[11],"retrieval":[12],"(IR)":[13],"tasks.":[14],"In":[15,109,169],"addition":[16],"to":[17,27,37,120,138],"the":[18,80,134],"construction":[19],"test":[21,121],"collections,":[22],"judging":[24],"critical":[26],"e-discovery":[28],"and":[29,73,90,183],"other":[30],"applications":[31],"where":[32],"are":[35,85,136],"hired":[36],"perform":[38],"judging.":[40],"It":[41],"well":[43],"known":[44,152],"that":[45,64,124,145],"may":[47,67,75],"differ":[48],"in":[49,70,76],"their":[50,71,88,93,130],"a":[53,60,114],"given":[54],"document.":[55],"One":[56],"possible":[57],"cause":[58],"judgement":[61,72],"difference":[62],"an":[65],"assessor":[66,154,171],"be":[68,78,102,127],"uncertain":[69,98,128],"thus":[74],"effect":[77],"guessing":[79],"document's":[81],"relevance.":[82],"If":[83],"aware":[86],"uncertainty":[89,173],"can":[91,101],"self-report":[92],"level":[94],"certainty,":[96],"then":[97],"targeted":[103],"adjudication":[105],"additional":[107],"assessors.":[108],"this":[110],"paper,":[111],"we":[112],"conducted":[113],"user":[115],"study":[116],"with":[117,140,160],"48":[118],"participants":[119],"our":[122],"hypothesis":[123],"will":[126],"about":[129],"when":[133],"likely":[137],"disagree":[139],"each":[141],"other.":[142],"We":[143],"found":[144],"low":[147,186],"consensus":[148,167,181,187],"documents,":[149],"i.e.":[150],"documents":[151,159,182],"disagreement,":[155],"judge":[157],"these":[158],"almost":[161],"as":[162,165],"much":[163],"certainty":[164],"high":[166,180],"documents.":[168,188],"particular,":[170],"self-reported":[172],"predictive":[175],"disagreement":[177],"only":[178],"not":[184]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}