{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2313563299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2851553.2851557","title":"Analyzing the Efficiency of a Green University Data Center","display_name":"Analyzing the Efficiency of a Green University Data Center","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2313563299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2851553.2851557","mag":"2313563299"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2851553.2851557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2851553.2851557","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2851557&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th ACM/SPEC on International Conference on Performance Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2851557&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027255813","display_name":"Patrick Pegus","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Pegus","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043993068","display_name":"Benoy Varghese","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benoy Varghese","raw_affiliation_strings":["NICTA, Eveleigh, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA, Eveleigh, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051346938","display_name":"Tian Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0060-2266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059310848","display_name":"David Irwin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1722-4927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Irwin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032939724","display_name":"Prashant Shenoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5435-1901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prashant Shenoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111750897","display_name":"Anirban Mahanti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anirban Mahanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["NICTA, Eveleigh, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA, Eveleigh, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088414199","display_name":"James Culbert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803022237","display_name":"Massachusetts Green High Performance Computing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05par7p11","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803022237"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Culbert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Green High Performance Computing Center, Holyoke, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Green High Performance Computing Center, Holyoke, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803022237"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031386835","display_name":"John Goodhue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8344-9945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803022237","display_name":"Massachusetts Green High Performance Computing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05par7p11","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803022237"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Goodhue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Green High Performance Computing Center, Holyoke, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Green High Performance Computing Center, Holyoke, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803022237"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009795502","display_name":"Chris Hill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-9056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Hill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027255813"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5241,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95723987,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"63","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-center","display_name":"Data center","score":0.8868590593338013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.6957875490188599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pace","display_name":"Pace","score":0.6793532371520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6676316261291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-computing","display_name":"Green computing","score":0.6030594110488892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.42481717467308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.39028701186180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.3662315309047699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1671871840953827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12317267060279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09091514348983765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153740404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671224","display_name":"Data center","level":2,"score":0.8868590593338013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.6957875490188599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.6793532371520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6676316261291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75027835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064746","display_name":"Green computing","level":3,"score":0.6030594110488892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.42481717467308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.39028701186180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.3662315309047699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1671871840953827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12317267060279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09091514348983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2851553.2851557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2851553.2851557","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2851557&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th ACM/SPEC on International Conference on Performance Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2851553.2851557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2851553.2851557","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2851557&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th ACM/SPEC on International Conference on Performance Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G119350253","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1339839","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1224105997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1405826,CNS-1422245,ACI-1339839","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3331768354","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1405826","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5739655505","display_name":"II-New: A Programmable Data-Driven Testbed for Sustainable Buildings Research","funder_award_id":"1405826","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6096829262","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1422245","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6894402473","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2313563299.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2313563299.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151871119","https://openalex.org/W190397983","https://openalex.org/W1552934126","https://openalex.org/W1975351293","https://openalex.org/W2040309615","https://openalex.org/W2064359039","https://openalex.org/W2103565249","https://openalex.org/W2133394135","https://openalex.org/W2134807578","https://openalex.org/W2328762806","https://openalex.org/W2626857516"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089689241","https://openalex.org/W4385766194","https://openalex.org/W2893524301","https://openalex.org/W4312337238","https://openalex.org/W4365143464","https://openalex.org/W2948336454","https://openalex.org/W1993401026","https://openalex.org/W2165967062","https://openalex.org/W4389065284","https://openalex.org/W2774665406"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Data":[0],"centers":[1,18,35],"are":[2,50,71],"an":[3],"indispensable":[4],"part":[5,61],"of":[6,28,62,92,103,142,177],"today's":[7],"IT":[8],"infrastructure.":[9],"To":[10],"keep":[11],"pace":[12],"with":[13,158],"modern":[14],"computing":[15,117],"needs,":[16],"data":[17,34,55,98,110,115,181],"continue":[19],"to":[20,38,73],"grow":[21],"in":[22,41,77,108],"scale":[23],"and":[24,79,119,125,135,148,161,170],"consume":[25],"increasing":[26,162],"amounts":[27],"power.":[29],"While":[30],"prior":[31],"work":[32],"on":[33,122],"has":[36],"led":[37],"significant":[39],"improvements":[40],"their":[42],"energy-efficiency,":[43],"detailed":[44,69,90],"measurements":[45,70],"from":[46],"these":[47],"facilities'":[48],"operations":[49],"not":[51],"widely":[52],"available,":[53],"as":[54,145],"center":[56,99],"design":[57,176],"is":[58],"often":[59],"considered":[60],"a":[63,89,93],"company's":[64],"competitive":[65],"advantage.":[66],"However,":[67],"such":[68,144],"critical":[72],"the":[74,104,114,140,153,159,174],"research":[75],"community":[76],"motivating":[78],"evaluating":[80],"new":[81],"energy-efficiency":[82],"optimizations.":[83],"In":[84],"this":[85,178],"paper,":[86],"we":[87],"present":[88],"analysis":[91,172],"state-of-the-art":[94],"15MW":[95],"green":[96,175],"multi-tenant":[97],"that":[100],"incorporates":[101],"many":[102],"technological":[105],"advances":[106],"used":[107],"commercial":[109],"centers.":[111],"We":[112],"analyze":[113],"center's":[116],"load":[118],"its":[120],"impact":[121],"power,":[123],"water,":[124],"carbon":[126],"usage":[127],"using":[128],"standard":[129],"effectiveness":[130,155],"metrics,":[131],"including":[132],"PUE,":[133,168],"WUE,":[134,169],"CUE.":[136],"Our":[137],"results":[138],"reveal":[139],"benefits":[141],"optimizations,":[143],"free":[146],"cooling,":[147],"provide":[149],"insights":[150],"into":[151],"how":[152],"various":[154],"metrics":[156],"change":[157],"seasons":[160],"capacity":[163],"usage.":[164],"More":[165],"broadly,":[166],"our":[167],"CUE":[171],"validate":[173],"LEED":[179],"Platinum":[180],"center.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}