{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2268470919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2843043.2843478","title":"Modeling perceived difficulty in game levels","display_name":"Modeling perceived difficulty in game levels","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2268470919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2843043.2843478","mag":"2268470919"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2843043.2843478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2843043.2843478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306524001","display_name":"Proceedings of the Australasian Computer Science Week Multiconference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Australasian Computer Science Week Multiconference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworkspost2013/1839","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066068307","display_name":"Daniel Wheat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1941-9150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12079687","display_name":"Edith Cowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jhnwe22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Wheat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044828278","display_name":"Martin Ma\u0161ek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8620-6779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12079687","display_name":"Edith Cowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jhnwe22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Masek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078416291","display_name":"Chiou Peng Lam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4843-9229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12079687","display_name":"Edith Cowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jhnwe22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiou Peng Lam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110209514","display_name":"Philip Hingston","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12079687","display_name":"Edith Cowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jhnwe22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip Hingston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066068307"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9957,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92276351,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c4.5-algorithm","display_name":"C4.5 algorithm","score":0.8648368716239929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7931935787200928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.554502010345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4921788275241852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.4748806357383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-game","display_name":"Video game","score":0.4289363920688629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.4186335504055023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.28614920377731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.21666795015335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.1419273316860199}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52003472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1022655","display_name":"C4.5 algorithm","level":4,"score":0.8648368716239929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7931935787200928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.554502010345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4921788275241852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4748806357383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018412434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7889","display_name":"Video game","level":2,"score":0.4289363920688629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4186335504055023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.28614920377731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.21666795015335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.1419273316860199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2843043.2843478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2843043.2843478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306524001","display_name":"Proceedings of the Australasian Computer Science Week Multiconference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Australasian Computer Science Week Multiconference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ro.ecu.edu.au:ecuworkspost2013-2842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworkspost2013/1839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765015692","display_name":"Australasian Journal of Paramedicine","issn_l":"2202-7270","issn":["2202-7270"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research outputs 2014 to 2021","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ro.ecu.edu.au:ecuworkspost2013-2842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworkspost2013/1839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765015692","display_name":"Australasian Journal of Paramedicine","issn_l":"2202-7270","issn":["2202-7270"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research outputs 2014 to 2021","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521891762","https://openalex.org/W1767680514","https://openalex.org/W1977216534","https://openalex.org/W2005451131","https://openalex.org/W2006865864","https://openalex.org/W2050787672","https://openalex.org/W2088305047","https://openalex.org/W2108682032","https://openalex.org/W2113410615","https://openalex.org/W2133990480","https://openalex.org/W2141104189","https://openalex.org/W2169740139","https://openalex.org/W2246284711","https://openalex.org/W2754862933","https://openalex.org/W2801146918","https://openalex.org/W4237844050"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W125190552","https://openalex.org/W3116127582","https://openalex.org/W4381325288","https://openalex.org/W3177133878","https://openalex.org/W3096006032","https://openalex.org/W2887207835","https://openalex.org/W2756012949","https://openalex.org/W2611637474","https://openalex.org/W2335837697","https://openalex.org/W38301456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"recent":[1],"interest":[2],"in":[3,32,56],"procedural":[4,138],"content":[5],"generation":[6],"for":[7,17,153,158],"video":[8],"games":[9],"has":[10],"created":[11],"the":[12,27,57,71,84,95,104,107],"need":[13],"to":[14,42,47,70,82,93],"establish":[15],"techniques":[16],"assessment":[18],"of":[19,59,73,86,106],"generated":[20,34],"content.":[21,139],"We":[22,102],"present":[23],"an":[24,40,77],"investigation":[25,78,133,142],"into":[26,79,134,147],"factors":[28,45,80],"determining":[29],"perceived":[30,159],"difficulty":[31,61,115,136],"procedurally":[33],"game":[35,109],"levels.":[36],"In":[37,63],"doing":[38],"so,":[39],"approach":[41],"identify":[43],"relevant":[44],"pertaining":[46],"player":[48,111],"experience":[49],"is":[50,53,128],"established,":[51],"which":[52],"subsequently":[54],"used":[55,92,152],"development":[58,85],"predictive":[60],"models.":[62],"this":[64,141],"paper,":[65],"we":[66],"apply":[67],"our":[68],"methodology":[69],"genre":[72],"2D":[74],"platformers,":[75],"presenting":[76],"related":[81],"difficulty,":[83],"a":[87,131,144,155],"test-bed":[88],"that":[89,149],"can":[90,150],"be":[91,151],"collect":[94],"data,":[96],"data":[97],"collection":[98],"and":[99,110,120],"subsequent":[100],"analysis.":[101],"investigate":[103],"contribution":[105],"identified":[108],"metrics":[112,148],"towards":[113],"predicting":[114],"using":[116],"Multi-Layer":[117],"Perceptron,":[118],"J48":[119],"Random":[121],"Forest":[122],"classifiers":[123],"from":[124,137],"WEKA.":[125],"This":[126],"work":[127],"presented":[129],"as":[130],"preliminary":[132,145],"modeling":[135],"Significantly,":[140],"provides":[143],"insight":[146],"developing":[154],"classification":[156],"model":[157],"difficulty.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}