{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3121782628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2841113.2841116","title":"Milware","display_name":"Milware","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3121782628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2841113.2841116","mag":"3121782628"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2841113.2841116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2841113.2841116","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 New Security Paradigms Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086146269","display_name":"Trey Herr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3344-9280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Trey Herr","raw_affiliation_strings":["The George Washington University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The George Washington University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046668206","display_name":"Eric Armbrust","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Armbrust","raw_affiliation_strings":["The George Washington University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The George Washington University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086146269"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.723,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8614075,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"29","last_page":"43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7605596780776978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.6505957841873169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5673620104789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5636627078056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5466880202293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5232079029083252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sophistication","display_name":"Sophistication","score":0.5216303467750549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4794784486293793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.38116514682769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.32350826263427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.091572105884552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7605596780776978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.6505957841873169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5673620104789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5636627078056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5466880202293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5232079029083252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168725872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q991663","display_name":"Sophistication","level":2,"score":0.5216303467750549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4794784486293793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.38116514682769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.32350826263427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.091572105884552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2841113.2841116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2841113.2841116","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 New Security Paradigms Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1454791451","https://openalex.org/W2024170198","https://openalex.org/W2039427951","https://openalex.org/W2057787526","https://openalex.org/W2092681734","https://openalex.org/W2109338844","https://openalex.org/W2119245106","https://openalex.org/W2124100689","https://openalex.org/W2125624394","https://openalex.org/W2132874238","https://openalex.org/W2144112223","https://openalex.org/W2150795982","https://openalex.org/W2213391909"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W2317823609","https://openalex.org/W4241263575","https://openalex.org/W3130462184","https://openalex.org/W2902287117","https://openalex.org/W4318256508","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W2401463593","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W1966145327"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,31],"pervasive":[1],"development":[2],"and":[3,18,26,35,79,106,164,173,206,226],"deployment":[4],"of":[5,22,29,45,53,90,104,130,144,158,166,171,175,198],"malicious":[6],"software":[7],"by":[8,76,132],"states":[9,56],"presents":[10],"a":[11,88,102,121,128,156,195,211],"new":[12],"challenge":[13],"for":[14,117,221],"the":[15,23,49,114,141,162,169,176,185,215,223],"information":[16,111,224],"security":[17,225],"policy":[19,189],"communities":[20],"because":[21],"resource":[24],"advantage":[25],"legal":[27],"status":[28],"governments.":[30],"difference":[32],"between":[33],"state":[34,67,105,134],"non-state":[36,77,107,145],"authored":[37,68,135],"code":[38,69,136],"is":[39,70,127,202],"typically":[40],"described":[41],"in":[42,113],"vague":[43],"terms":[44],"sophistication,":[46],"contributing":[47],"to":[48,64,101,180],"inaccurate":[50],"confirmation":[51],"bias":[52],"many":[54],"that":[55,74,125],"simply":[57],"`do":[58],"it":[59],"better'.":[60],"This":[61,147,201],"paper":[62,186],"attempts":[63],"determine":[65,124],"if":[66,80],"demonstrably":[71],"different":[72],"from":[73,140,193],"written":[75],"actors":[78],"so,":[81,85],"how.":[82],"To":[83],"do":[84],"we":[86,123],"examine":[87],"collection":[89],"malware":[91,143,167],"samples":[92],"which,":[93],"through":[94],"existing":[95],"analytic":[96],"techniques,":[97],"have":[98,218],"been":[99],"attributed":[100],"mix":[103],"actors.":[108],"Reviewing":[109],"technical":[110],"available":[112],"public":[115],"domain":[116],"each":[118],"sample,":[119],"reverse-engineering":[120],"sub-set,":[122],"there":[126],"set":[129,157],"criteria":[131],"which":[133,160,191],"can":[137],"be":[138],"differentiated":[139],"conventional":[142],"groups.":[146],"MAlicious":[148],"Software":[149],"Sophistication":[150],"or":[151],"MASS":[152],"index":[153],"relies":[154],"on":[155,210],"characteristics":[159],"describe":[161],"behavior":[163],"construction":[165],"including":[168],"severity":[170],"exploits":[172],"customization":[174],"payload.":[177],"In":[178],"addition":[179],"highlighting":[181],"these":[182],"particular":[183],"differences,":[184],"discusses":[187],"several":[188],"implications":[190],"arise":[192],"identifying":[194],"separate":[196],"class":[197],"state-authored":[199],"code.":[200],"an":[203],"interdisciplinary":[204],"effort":[205],"pilot":[207],"project":[208],"based":[209],"limited":[212],"dataset":[213],"however":[214],"conclusions":[216],"drawn":[217],"important":[219],"ramifications":[220],"both":[222],"relevant":[227],"policymaking":[228],"communities.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}
