{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2284563719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2839509.2844587","title":"Paper vs. Computer-based Exams","display_name":"Paper vs. Computer-based Exams","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2284563719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2839509.2844587","mag":"2284563719"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2839509.2844587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2839509.2844587","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 47th ACM Technical Symposium on Computing Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026317284","display_name":"Scott Grissom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6760-3600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8606887","display_name":"Grand Valley State University","ror":"https://ror.org/001m1hv61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8606887"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Scott Grissom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8606887"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008592356","display_name":"Laurie Murphy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1752-0462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60065076","display_name":"Pacific Lutheran University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vh5nd96","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60065076"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurie Murphy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60065076"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002274479","display_name":"Ren\u00e9e McCauley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2035-9160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204593131","display_name":"College of Charleston","ror":"https://ror.org/00390t168","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204593131"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren\u00e9e McCauley","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204593131"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110494164","display_name":"Sue Fitzgerald","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99069390","display_name":"Metropolitan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/056rp9e47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91221267","https://openalex.org/I99069390"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sue Fitzgerald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Metropolitan State University, St. Paul, MN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metropolitan State University, St. Paul, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99069390"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026317284"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8606887"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3158,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9284238,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"6","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11283","display_name":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12171","display_name":"Open Education and E-Learning","score":0.979200005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.8279964923858643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7573239207267761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.6963831186294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5934680104255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.5623074769973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5613190531730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.5324745178222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.49698975682258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-tree","display_name":"Binary tree","score":0.4676862359046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3590289354324341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.3240390419960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.20847713947296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11870387196540833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08418053388595581}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.8279964923858643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7573239207267761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.6963831186294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5934680104255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5623074769973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5613190531730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5324745178222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.49698975682258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197855036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380172","display_name":"Binary tree","level":2,"score":0.4676862359046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3590289354324341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3240390419960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.20847713947296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11870387196540833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08418053388595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2839509.2844587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2839509.2844587","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 47th ACM Technical Symposium on Computing Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W598355015","https://openalex.org/W1984837176","https://openalex.org/W2012283428","https://openalex.org/W2014132843","https://openalex.org/W2016702761","https://openalex.org/W2021106783","https://openalex.org/W2022951571","https://openalex.org/W2046177002","https://openalex.org/W2064811506","https://openalex.org/W2093055647","https://openalex.org/W2096329292","https://openalex.org/W2160651698","https://openalex.org/W2183370417"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2528467228","https://openalex.org/W4300852102","https://openalex.org/W2113320216","https://openalex.org/W2249397399","https://openalex.org/W2951678044","https://openalex.org/W1548210529","https://openalex.org/W4294835626","https://openalex.org/W2254019856","https://openalex.org/W2006319792","https://openalex.org/W17490711"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,22],"paper":[1],"reports":[2],"on":[3,36],"a":[4,18,25,53],"study":[5,27],"of":[6,28,52,96,106],"goal-plans":[7],"and":[8,64,102,135,137],"errors":[9,120,127],"produced":[10],"by":[11],"students":[12,31,58,70,107,117],"who":[13,71,81],"wrote":[14],"recursive":[15,46],"solutions":[16,35],"for":[17],"binary":[19,47],"tree":[20,48],"operation.":[21],"work":[23],"extends":[24],"previous":[26],"difficulties":[29],"CS2":[30],"experienced":[32],"while":[33],"writing":[34],"paper-based":[37,84],"exams.":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40],"study,":[41],"participants":[42],"solved":[43],"the":[44,73,83,94,109],"same":[45],"problem":[49],"as":[50],"part":[51],"hands-on":[54],"computer-based":[55,74,110],"exam":[56,111],"where":[57],"had":[59],"access":[60,97],"to":[61,98],"an":[62,99],"IDE":[63],"Java":[65],"API":[66],"documentation.":[67],"Not":[68],"surprisingly,":[69],"took":[72,82],"exams":[75,85],"were":[76],"more":[77],"successful":[78],"than":[79],"those":[80],"(58%":[86],"vs.":[87],"17%":[88],"correct":[89],"solutions).":[90],"However,":[91],"even":[92,121],"with":[93,122],"advantage":[95],"IDE,":[100],"documentation,":[101],"test":[103],"cases,":[104],"42%":[105],"taking":[108],"still":[112],"made":[113],"errors,":[114],"indicating":[115],"that":[116],"exhibit":[118],"persistent":[119],"support.":[123],"The":[124],"most":[125],"common":[126],"observed":[128],"included":[129],"incorrect":[130,138],"calculations,":[131],"missing":[132,136],"method":[133],"calls":[134],"base":[139],"cases.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}