{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2294286398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2837614.2837666","title":"Optimizing synthesis with metasketches","display_name":"Optimizing synthesis with metasketches","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2294286398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2837614.2837666","mag":"2294286398"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2837614.2837666","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2837614.2837666","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 43rd Annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055964348","display_name":"James Bornholt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3258-3226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James Bornholt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088791029","display_name":"Emina Torlak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1155-2711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emina Torlak","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103045316","display_name":"Dan Grossman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Grossman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081914923","display_name":"Lu\u00eds Ceze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-6217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Ceze","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055964348"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.692,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99572481,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"775","last_page":"788"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7733206748962402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-synthesis","display_name":"Program synthesis","score":0.6084134578704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterexample","display_name":"Counterexample","score":0.539777934551239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.5268962383270264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.5025126934051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.45033907890319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4105125665664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3830060362815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3200957179069519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.23487421870231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7733206748962402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776937632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117718","display_name":"Program synthesis","level":2,"score":0.6084134578704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162838799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596077","display_name":"Counterexample","level":2,"score":0.539777934551239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.5268962383270264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.5025126934051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.45033907890319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4105125665664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3830060362815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3200957179069519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.23487421870231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2837614.2837666","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2837614.2837666","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 43rd Annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1619329254","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1518703","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1863887699","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR0011-15-1-0001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2231878454","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1064497","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6894402473","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10496484","https://openalex.org/W993487908","https://openalex.org/W1519503479","https://openalex.org/W1526922602","https://openalex.org/W1553068379","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1824587283","https://openalex.org/W1912569824","https://openalex.org/W1990069336","https://openalex.org/W2002931343","https://openalex.org/W2005487033","https://openalex.org/W2026775511","https://openalex.org/W2057156093","https://openalex.org/W2060610732","https://openalex.org/W2063257831","https://openalex.org/W2066466217","https://openalex.org/W2079958696","https://openalex.org/W2093535699","https://openalex.org/W2094878426","https://openalex.org/W2105544671","https://openalex.org/W2110848488","https://openalex.org/W2114012357","https://openalex.org/W2117902492","https://openalex.org/W2132525863","https://openalex.org/W2134734244","https://openalex.org/W2146105230","https://openalex.org/W2149236697","https://openalex.org/W2150871888","https://openalex.org/W2157056800","https://openalex.org/W2158615804","https://openalex.org/W2161159055","https://openalex.org/W2163671349","https://openalex.org/W2187230075","https://openalex.org/W2197549030","https://openalex.org/W2276356546","https://openalex.org/W2293033107","https://openalex.org/W2294628582","https://openalex.org/W2399923814","https://openalex.org/W2626106541","https://openalex.org/W3014235357","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W4237412827","https://openalex.org/W4242364663","https://openalex.org/W4301666354","https://openalex.org/W6674236629","https://openalex.org/W6683620417"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2349952486","https://openalex.org/W1489260687","https://openalex.org/W2775700832","https://openalex.org/W2587222766","https://openalex.org/W3204670144","https://openalex.org/W2163101548","https://openalex.org/W1988934358","https://openalex.org/W4389574038","https://openalex.org/W4293643564","https://openalex.org/W4387718369"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"advanced":[1],"programming":[2],"tools---for":[3],"both":[4],"end-users":[5],"and":[6,82,179,212],"expert":[7],"developers---rely":[8],"on":[9],"program":[10,51],"synthesis":[11,27,85,162,186,205,219],"to":[12,23,34,44,71,119,163,201],"automatically":[13],"generate":[14],"implementations":[15],"from":[16,167],"high-level":[17],"specifications.":[18],"These":[19],"tools":[20,223],"often":[21],"need":[22],"employ":[24],"tricky,":[25],"custom-built":[26],"algorithms":[28,118],"because":[29],"they":[30,142],"require":[31],"synthesized":[32],"programs":[33],"be":[35,199],"not":[36],"only":[37],"correct,":[38],"but":[39,62],"also":[40],"optimal":[41,55,84,185],"with":[42,188],"respect":[43],"a":[45,77,92,100,189],"desired":[46],"cost":[47,193],"metric,":[48],"such":[49],"as":[50,141],"size.":[52],"Finding":[53],"these":[54,177],"solutions":[56,140],"efficiently":[57],"requires":[58],"domain-specific":[59],"search":[60,90,104,117,126,210],"strategies,":[61],"existing":[63],"synthesizers":[64],"hard-code":[65],"the":[66,89,95,103,128,136,147,168,209],"strategy,":[67,211],"making":[68],"them":[69,134],"difficult":[70],"reuse.":[72],"This":[73],"paper":[74],"presents":[75],"metasketches,":[76],"general":[78],"framework":[79],"for":[80],"specifying":[81,99],"solving":[83],"problems.":[86],"metasketches":[87,197],"make":[88],"strategy":[91],"part":[93],"of":[94,102,110,130,135,138,146,159,176,191],"problem":[96],"definition":[97],"by":[98,206],"fragmentation":[101],"space":[105,149],"into":[106],"an":[107,156,174],"ordered":[108],"set":[109],"classic":[111,203,218],"sketches.":[112],"We":[113,171],"provide":[114],"two":[115],"cooperating":[116],"effectively":[120,183],"solve":[121],"metasketches.":[122],"A":[123],"global":[124,169],"optimizing":[125],"coordinates":[127],"activities":[129],"local":[131,153],"searches,":[132],"informing":[133],"costs":[137],"potentially-optimal":[139],"explore":[143],"different":[144,192],"regions":[145],"candidate":[148],"in":[150],"parallel.":[151],"The":[152],"searches":[154],"execute":[155],"incremental":[157],"form":[158],"counterexample-guided":[160],"inductive":[161],"incorporate":[164],"information":[165],"sent":[166],"search.":[170],"present":[172],"Synapse,":[173],"implementation":[175],"algorithms,":[178],"show":[180,214],"that":[181,215,221],"it":[182],"solves":[184,217],"problems":[187,220],"variety":[190],"functions.":[194],"In":[195],"addition,":[196],"can":[198],"used":[200],"accelerate":[202],"(non-optimal)":[204],"explicitly":[207],"controlling":[208],"we":[213],"Synapse":[216],"state-of-the-art":[222],"cannot.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
