{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2296031223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2837614.2837640","title":"Decidability of inferring inductive invariants","display_name":"Decidability of inferring inductive invariants","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2296031223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2837614.2837640","mag":"2296031223"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2837614.2837640","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2837614.2837640","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2837614.2837640?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 43rd Annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2837614.2837640?download=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064997169","display_name":"Oded Padon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4209-1635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oded Padon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tel Aviv University, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tel Aviv University, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053065200","display_name":"Neil Immerman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6609-5952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil Immerman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts at Amherst, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts at Amherst, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102884448","display_name":"Sharon Shoham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7226-3526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141777","display_name":"Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yafo","ror":"https://ror.org/04cg6c004","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141777"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharon Shoham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academic College of Tel Aviv Yaffo, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academic College of Tel Aviv Yaffo, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020014658","display_name":"Aleksandr Karbyshev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7984-4104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleksandr Karbyshev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tel Aviv University, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tel Aviv University, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002512849","display_name":"Mooly Sagiv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mooly Sagiv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tel Aviv University, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tel Aviv University, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064997169"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1096,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96360063,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"217","last_page":"231"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decidability","display_name":"Decidability","score":0.9514937400817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductive-reasoning","display_name":"Inductive reasoning","score":0.7302711009979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.6932770609855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5470311641693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5369434356689453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.48990577459335327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41716551780700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.38247567415237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32684528827667236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebra-over-a-field","display_name":"Algebra over a field","score":0.32328686118125916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.23076263070106506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22640511393547058}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153269930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430001","display_name":"Decidability","level":2,"score":0.9514937400817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21563000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484511","display_name":"Inductive reasoning","level":2,"score":0.7302711009979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6932770609855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5470311641693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5369434356689453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.48990577459335327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41716551780700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.38247567415237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32684528827667236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.32328686118125916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.23076263070106506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22640511393547058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2837614.2837640","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2837614.2837640","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2837614.2837640?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 43rd Annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2837614.2837640","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2837614.2837640","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2837614.2837640?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 43rd Annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1559388177","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11154","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2001965185","display_name":"AF: Small: Descriptive Complexity and Inductive Synthesis","funder_award_id":"1115448","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2488755638","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP7/2007-2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","funder_display_name":"Israel Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2982765432","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"321174","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3091124850","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF 1115448","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3741240247","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"652/11","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","funder_display_name":"Israel Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3829048491","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP7/2007-2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4104599821","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP7/2007-2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5593277320","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2007-2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5702163051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP7/2007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G830360232","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"321174-VSSC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","display_name":"Israel Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04sazxf24"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336526","display_name":"Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03trnsb56"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2296031223.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2296031223.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100246148","https://openalex.org/W944431708","https://openalex.org/W1480909796","https://openalex.org/W1496021453","https://openalex.org/W1508360721","https://openalex.org/W1549166962","https://openalex.org/W1554308843","https://openalex.org/W1555620012","https://openalex.org/W1606654639","https://openalex.org/W1662203549","https://openalex.org/W1870526560","https://openalex.org/W1967174286","https://openalex.org/W1981273171","https://openalex.org/W1988441831","https://openalex.org/W1991837261","https://openalex.org/W2014764321","https://openalex.org/W2018765574","https://openalex.org/W2025514726","https://openalex.org/W2046160987","https://openalex.org/W2050304663","https://openalex.org/W2052306562","https://openalex.org/W2069300761","https://openalex.org/W2072331537","https://openalex.org/W2076508310","https://openalex.org/W2100054360","https://openalex.org/W2106647551","https://openalex.org/W2108241838","https://openalex.org/W2114879239","https://openalex.org/W2122700562","https://openalex.org/W2123160677","https://openalex.org/W2123910665","https://openalex.org/W2130427425","https://openalex.org/W2139960707","https://openalex.org/W2158735282","https://openalex.org/W2160527279","https://openalex.org/W2163841074","https://openalex.org/W2166858727","https://openalex.org/W2603705845","https://openalex.org/W2799061192","https://openalex.org/W3104749005","https://openalex.org/W4230509083","https://openalex.org/W4240833632","https://openalex.org/W4251912342","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6632737755","https://openalex.org/W6750047965","https://openalex.org/W6818260395"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2369508406","https://openalex.org/W2371326990","https://openalex.org/W2116330613","https://openalex.org/W2379984741","https://openalex.org/W1978982708","https://openalex.org/W2381724853","https://openalex.org/W2479445596","https://openalex.org/W2004816703","https://openalex.org/W1507510709","https://openalex.org/W2032766401"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Induction":[0],"is":[1,15,35,49,57,63,69,84,156,164,171,185,190,198],"a":[2,18,26,64,126,136,205,228],"successful":[3],"approach":[4,48,245],"for":[5,40,72,230,253,258],"verification":[6],"of":[7,89,105,115,122,194,250],"hardware":[8],"and":[9,23,67,95,141,203,257],"software":[10],"systems.":[11],"A":[12,43],"common":[13],"practice":[14],"to":[16,29],"model":[17],"system":[19,137],"using":[20],"logical":[21,33],"formulas,":[22],"then":[24,166],"use":[25],"decision":[27],"procedure":[28],"verify":[30],"that":[31,119,150,218,220],"some":[32,176,215],"formula":[34],"an":[36,161,191],"inductive":[37,54,90,108,146,162,181],"safety":[38,133],"invariant":[39,60,123,147,163,238],"the":[41,53,87,102,112,120,132,209,237,248],"system.":[42],"key":[44],"ingredient":[45],"in":[46,92,96,125,148,169,183],"this":[47],"coming":[50],"up":[51],"with":[52],"invariant,":[55],"which":[56],"known":[58],"as":[59],"inference.":[61],"This":[62,82,99,173],"major":[65],"difficulty,":[66],"it":[68],"often":[70],"left":[71],"humans":[73],"or":[74],"addressed":[75],"by":[76,86,110,200,246],"sound":[77],"but":[78],"incomplete":[79],"abstract":[80],"interpretation.":[81],"paper":[83,100,174],"motivated":[85],"problem":[88,104,121,240],"invariants":[91,109,168,182,252],"shape":[93],"analysis":[94],"distributed":[97,259],"protocols.":[98,260],"approaches":[101],"general":[103],"inferring":[106,167,180,251],"first-order":[107],"restricting":[111,201],"language":[113,128,193],"L":[114,129,149,155,170,184,189,202],"candidate":[116],"invariants.":[117],"Notice":[118],"inference":[124,239],"restricted":[127],"differs":[130],"from":[131],"problem,":[134],"since":[135],"may":[138],"be":[139],"safe":[140],"still":[142],"not":[143],"have":[144],"any":[145],"proves":[151],"safety.":[152],"Clearly,":[153],"if":[154,159],"finite":[157],"(and":[158],"testing":[160],"decidable),":[165],"decidable.":[172,241],"presents":[175],"interesting":[177],"cases":[178],"when":[179,188],"decidable":[186],"even":[187],"infinite":[192,233],"universal":[195],"formulas.":[196],"Decidability":[197],"obtained":[199],"defining":[204],"suitable":[206],"well-quasi-order":[207],"on":[208],"state":[210],"space.":[211],"We":[212,225,242],"also":[213],"present":[214,227],"undecidability":[216],"results":[217],"show":[219],"our":[221,244],"restrictions":[222],"are":[223],"necessary.":[224],"further":[226],"framework":[229],"systematically":[231],"constructing":[232],"languages":[234],"while":[235],"keeping":[236],"illustrate":[243],"showing":[247],"decidability":[249],"programs":[254],"manipulating":[255],"linked-lists,":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}