{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2240238332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2831234","title":"F <scp>ault</scp> S <scp>im</scp>","display_name":"F <scp>ault</scp> S <scp>im</scp>","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2240238332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2831234","mag":"2240238332"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2831234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2831234","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2831234&type=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26056741","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","issn_l":"1544-3566","issn":["1544-3566","1544-3973"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2831234&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053993126","display_name":"Prashant J. Nair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1732-4314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Prashant J. Nair","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049757945","display_name":"David Roberts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7793-6101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311921367","display_name":"Advanced Micro Devices (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/02yh0k313","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311921367","https://openalex.org/I4210137977"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137977","display_name":"Advanced Micro Devices (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kd6c783","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137977"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A. Roberts","raw_affiliation_strings":["AMD Research, Advanced Micro Devices Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AMD Research, Advanced Micro Devices Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137977","https://openalex.org/I1311921367"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082772077","display_name":"Moinuddin K. Qureshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1314-9096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moinuddin K. Qureshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053993126"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2079,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89155944,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7914490699768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bch-code","display_name":"BCH code","score":0.7442918419837952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.6801919341087341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.5629460215568542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5108242034912109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.508489727973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3828122317790985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.3626764416694641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.17539265751838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.12977027893066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09358102083206177}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7914490699768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42276685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795705","display_name":"BCH code","level":3,"score":0.7442918419837952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.6801919341087341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5629460215568542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5108242034912109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.508489727973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3828122317790985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.3626764416694641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.17539265751838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.12977027893066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09358102083206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2831234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2831234","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2831234&type=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26056741","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","issn_l":"1544-3566","issn":["1544-3566","1544-3973"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2831234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2831234","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2831234&type=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26056741","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","issn_l":"1544-3566","issn":["1544-3566","1544-3973"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5613224033","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"STARnet","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6811296919","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"C-FAR","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331888","display_name":"Microelectronics Advanced Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2240238332.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2240238332.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603856624","https://openalex.org/W1483312157","https://openalex.org/W1544971428","https://openalex.org/W1578894366","https://openalex.org/W1597555784","https://openalex.org/W1978082708","https://openalex.org/W1996063722","https://openalex.org/W1996160696","https://openalex.org/W2005316070","https://openalex.org/W2010009884","https://openalex.org/W2016979414","https://openalex.org/W2025474944","https://openalex.org/W2028674718","https://openalex.org/W2034062945","https://openalex.org/W2040379684","https://openalex.org/W2056416836","https://openalex.org/W2060397112","https://openalex.org/W2067717709","https://openalex.org/W2079098749","https://openalex.org/W2083383375","https://openalex.org/W2084333006","https://openalex.org/W2089344916","https://openalex.org/W2093711428","https://openalex.org/W2094127360","https://openalex.org/W2098463429","https://openalex.org/W2102727118","https://openalex.org/W2109240571","https://openalex.org/W2112602407","https://openalex.org/W2122249806","https://openalex.org/W2133066652","https://openalex.org/W2134732546","https://openalex.org/W2142391126","https://openalex.org/W2142812297","https://openalex.org/W2143242007","https://openalex.org/W2157116240","https://openalex.org/W2157447136","https://openalex.org/W2159216681","https://openalex.org/W2160428323","https://openalex.org/W2161522487","https://openalex.org/W2170382128","https://openalex.org/W2474451066","https://openalex.org/W2498053913","https://openalex.org/W2530338776","https://openalex.org/W2625144666","https://openalex.org/W2768571128","https://openalex.org/W3004493283","https://openalex.org/W3148936090","https://openalex.org/W4239910156","https://openalex.org/W4252644175","https://openalex.org/W4300352669","https://openalex.org/W4302321873"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2912502034","https://openalex.org/W3028734320","https://openalex.org/W2035908476","https://openalex.org/W3172524400","https://openalex.org/W1723747798","https://openalex.org/W2121197955","https://openalex.org/W2313229959","https://openalex.org/W2354450728","https://openalex.org/W2484855765","https://openalex.org/W816617885"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"memory":[1,135],"systems":[2,68],"scale,":[3],"maintaining":[4],"their":[5],"Reliability":[6],"Availability":[7],"and":[8,27,69,83,98,110,133,154,172,177,186,195,218,225],"Serviceability":[9],"(RAS)":[10],"is":[11,95,99],"becoming":[12],"more":[13],"complex.":[14],"To":[15,65,114],"make":[16,47],"matters":[17],"worse,":[18],"recent":[19],"studies":[20],"of":[21,91,164,192,213,216],"DRAM":[22,38],"failures":[23,34],"in":[24,37,61,158,221],"data":[25,155],"centers":[26],"supercomputer":[28],"environments":[29],"have":[30],"highlighted":[31],"that":[32],"large-granularity":[33],"are":[35,106,143],"common":[36],"chips.":[39],"Furthermore,":[40],"the":[41,48,88,151,162,198],"move":[42],"toward":[43],"3D-stacked":[44,134],"memories":[45],"can":[46,202],"system":[49,74],"vulnerable":[50],"to":[51,70,78,112,160],"newer":[52],"failure":[53,147],"modes,":[54],"such":[55],"as":[56],"those":[57],"occurring":[58],"from":[59,197],"faults":[60],"Through-Silicon":[62],"Vias":[63],"(TSVs).":[64],"architect":[66],"future":[67],"use":[71],"emerging":[72],"technology,":[73],"designers":[75],"will":[76],"need":[77],"employ":[79],"strong":[80],"error":[81,108],"correction":[82],"repair":[84],"techniques.":[85],"Unfortunately,":[86],"evaluating":[87],"relative":[89],"effectiveness":[90],"these":[92],"reliability":[93],"mechanisms":[94],"often":[96],"difficult":[97],"traditionally":[100],"done":[101],"with":[102,189],"analytical":[103,181,199],"models,":[104],"which":[105,142],"both":[107],"prone":[109],"time-consuming":[111],"develop.":[113],"this":[115,117],"end,":[116],"article":[118],"proposes":[119],"F":[120],"ault":[121],"S":[122],"im":[123],",":[124],"a":[125,190,211],"fast":[126],"configurable":[127],"memory-reliability":[128],"simulation":[129],"tool":[130],"for":[131,210],"2D":[132],"systems.":[136],"FaultSim":[137,159,176,183,201],"employs":[138],"Monte":[139,206],"Carlo":[140,207],"simulations,":[141],"driven":[144],"by":[145],"real-world":[146],"statistics.":[148],"We":[149,168],"discuss":[150],"novel":[152],"algorithms":[153],"structures":[156],"used":[157],"accelerate":[161],"evaluation":[163],"different":[165],"resilience":[166],"schemes.":[167],"implement":[169],"BCH-1":[170,185,217],"(SECDED)":[171],"ChipKill":[173,187,219],"codes":[174,188,220],"using":[175],"validate":[178],"against":[179],"an":[180],"model.":[182,200],"implements":[184],"deviation":[191],"only":[193,222],"0.032%":[194],"8.41%":[196],"simulate":[203],"1":[204],"million":[205],"trials":[208],"(each":[209],"period":[212],"7":[214],"years)":[215],"34":[223],"seconds":[224],"33":[226],"seconds,":[227],"respectively.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}