{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2343175937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2830565","title":"The challenges of partially automated driving","display_name":"The challenges of partially automated driving","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2343175937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2830565","mag":"2343175937","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32690975"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2830565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2830565","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2830565&type=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2830565&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021293125","display_name":"Stephen M. Casner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2435-0331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen M. Casner","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106326009","display_name":"Edwin Hutchins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin L. Hutchins","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031920284","display_name":"Donald A. Norman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8273-6534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Don Norman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021293125"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":53.1095,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":241,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99939425,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"5","first_page":"70","last_page":"77"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.7873556613922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5878365635871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.44218623638153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3317869305610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.32117798924446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23284345865249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.0906795859336853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.7873556613922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5878365635871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.44218623638153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3317869305610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.32117798924446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23284345865249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0906795859336853}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2830565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2830565","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2830565&type=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32690975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32690975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt197642mw","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/197642mw","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt197642mw/qt197642mw.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM, vol 59, iss 5","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7370972","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7370972","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Commun ACM","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:qt197642mw","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/197642mw","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Casner, SM; Hutchins, EL; &amp; Norman, D. (2016). The Challenges of Partially Automated Driving. COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM, 59(5), 70 - 77. doi: 10.1145/2830565. UC San Diego: Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/197642mw","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2830565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2830565","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2830565&type=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G417386114","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Internal","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332603","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2343175937.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2343175937.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W126967985","https://openalex.org/W565191058","https://openalex.org/W748245664","https://openalex.org/W1527835778","https://openalex.org/W1535516115","https://openalex.org/W1558594999","https://openalex.org/W1973748529","https://openalex.org/W1980213106","https://openalex.org/W1987358053","https://openalex.org/W1989805652","https://openalex.org/W2004138435","https://openalex.org/W2008653298","https://openalex.org/W2011337802","https://openalex.org/W2016224937","https://openalex.org/W2030397187","https://openalex.org/W2031957300","https://openalex.org/W2032807220","https://openalex.org/W2053078227","https://openalex.org/W2055261920","https://openalex.org/W2055292136","https://openalex.org/W2071539331","https://openalex.org/W2095377715","https://openalex.org/W2097902850","https://openalex.org/W2102341133","https://openalex.org/W2124853884","https://openalex.org/W2126298837","https://openalex.org/W2129948768","https://openalex.org/W2137522475","https://openalex.org/W2138673783","https://openalex.org/W2142987825","https://openalex.org/W2143074722","https://openalex.org/W2146019564","https://openalex.org/W2153246402","https://openalex.org/W2164553116","https://openalex.org/W2167216530","https://openalex.org/W2169001553","https://openalex.org/W2171182786","https://openalex.org/W2324652334","https://openalex.org/W3021317255","https://openalex.org/W3175164926","https://openalex.org/W4293117802"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AUTONOMOUS":[0],"CARS":[1],"PROMISE":[2],"to":[3,50,57,61,83,114],"give":[4],"us":[5],"back":[6],"the":[7,14,48,55,85,110,117,127],"time":[8],"we":[9],"spend":[10],"in":[11,64,99,109,116,126],"traffic,":[12,17],"improve":[13],"flow":[15],"of":[16,32,97,119,123],"reduce":[18],"accidents,":[19],"deaths,":[20],"and":[21,23,41,79,112],"injuries,":[22],"make":[24],"personal":[25],"car":[26,124],"travel":[27],"possible":[28],"for":[29],"everyone":[30],"regardless":[31],"their":[33],"abilities":[34],"or":[35],"condition.":[36],"But":[37],"despite":[38],"impressive":[39],"demonstrations":[40],"technical":[42],"advances,":[43],"many":[44],"obstacles":[45],"remain":[46],"on":[47],"road":[49],"fully":[51],"autonomous":[52,59],"cars.<sup>20</sup>":[53],"Overcoming":[54],"challenges":[56],"enabling":[58],"cars":[60],"safely":[62],"operate":[63],"highly":[65],"complex":[66],"driving":[67],"situations":[68],"may":[69],"take":[70],"some":[71,100],"time.":[72],"Manufacturers":[73],"already":[74,107],"produce":[75],"partially":[76],"automated":[77],"cars,":[78],"a":[80,120],"spirited":[81],"competition":[82],"deliver":[84],"most":[86],"sophisticated":[87],"ones":[88],"is":[89],"under":[90],"way.":[91],"Cars":[92],"that":[93],"provide":[94],"high":[95],"levels":[96],"automation":[98],"circumstances":[101],"(such":[102],"as":[103],"highway":[104],"driving)":[105],"have":[106],"arrived":[108],"marketplace":[111],"promise":[113],"be":[115],"hands":[118],"large":[121],"number":[122],"owners":[125],"next":[128],"few":[129],"years.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
