{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2293187843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2822264","title":"A Hybrid Ranking Approach to Chinese Spelling Check","display_name":"A Hybrid Ranking Approach to Chinese Spelling Check","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2293187843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2822264","mag":"2293187843"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2822264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2822264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421405","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","issn_l":"2375-4699","issn":["2375-4699","2375-4702"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100374771","display_name":"Xiaodong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8652-9818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101451435","display_name":"Fei Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5161-0544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070418792","display_name":"Kevin Duh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8107-4383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Duh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072032804","display_name":"Y\u016bji Matsumoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4946-9574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuji Matsumoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7461,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89125528,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8565727472305298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7136198878288269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelling","display_name":"Spelling","score":0.6599695086479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.6395223736763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6350155472755432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5080111026763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5031563639640808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4844481945037842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.47885772585868835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.46944141387939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4233376681804657}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8565727472305298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7136198878288269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777801307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088390","display_name":"Spelling","level":2,"score":0.6599695086479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.6395223736763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6350155472755432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5080111026763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5031563639640808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4844481945037842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.47885772585868835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.46944141387939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4233376681804657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2822264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2822264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421405","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","issn_l":"2375-4699","issn":["2375-4699","2375-4702"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W808955830","https://openalex.org/W1510106835","https://openalex.org/W1574901103","https://openalex.org/W2006969979","https://openalex.org/W2034038326","https://openalex.org/W2070944431","https://openalex.org/W2099143268","https://openalex.org/W2102831150","https://openalex.org/W2120831529","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2135739396","https://openalex.org/W2139212933","https://openalex.org/W2156571267","https://openalex.org/W2156985047","https://openalex.org/W2158952118","https://openalex.org/W2159406587","https://openalex.org/W2163377725","https://openalex.org/W2165945467","https://openalex.org/W2210443512","https://openalex.org/W2251157340","https://openalex.org/W2251703655","https://openalex.org/W2252231918","https://openalex.org/W2397287674","https://openalex.org/W2524182563","https://openalex.org/W2803437449","https://openalex.org/W2998215494","https://openalex.org/W3006449229","https://openalex.org/W3145501851","https://openalex.org/W3193477162","https://openalex.org/W6683955732"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161008081","https://openalex.org/W4298186509","https://openalex.org/W2556702969","https://openalex.org/W217221262","https://openalex.org/W611030372","https://openalex.org/W1974418053","https://openalex.org/W2021532426","https://openalex.org/W2530486443","https://openalex.org/W3160516639","https://openalex.org/W2794347674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"a":[2,86,138,183],"novel":[3],"framework":[4,23,35,67,107,150],"for":[5,68,162],"Chinese":[6,19,177,186],"Spelling":[7],"Check":[8],"(CSC),":[9],"which":[10,111,132,181],"is":[11],"an":[12,142],"automatic":[13],"algorithm":[14],"to":[15,75,79,92,156],"detect":[16],"and":[17,30,60,100,145,191],"correct":[18],"spelling":[20],"errors.":[21],"Our":[22,34],"contains":[24],"two":[25],"key":[26],"components:":[27],"candidate":[28,31],"generation":[29],"ranking":[32],".":[33],"differs":[36],"from":[37],"previous":[38],"research,":[39],"such":[40,136],"as":[41,63,118,137],"Statistical":[42],"Machine":[43],"Translation":[44],"(SMT)":[45],"based":[46,52],"model":[47],"or":[48,115],"Language":[49],"Model":[50],"(LM)":[51],"model,":[53,166],"in":[54,73,120],"that":[55,105],"we":[56,83,167],"use":[57],"both":[58],"SMT":[59,99,165],"LM":[61],"models":[62],"components":[64],"of":[65,185],"our":[66,106,149],"generating":[69],"the":[70,81,94,98,101,113,121,129,158,164,176,196],"correction":[71],"candidates,":[72],"order":[74],"obtain":[76],"maximum":[77],"recall;":[78],"improve":[80],"precision,":[82],"further":[84],"employ":[85],"Support":[87],"Vector":[88],"Machines":[89],"(SVM)":[90],"classifier":[91],"rank":[93],"candidates":[95],"generated":[96],"by":[97,195],"LM.":[102],"Experiments":[103],"show":[104],"outperforms":[108],"other":[109,146],"systems,":[110,131],"adopted":[112],"same":[114],"similar":[116,189,192],"resources":[117],"ours":[119],"SIGHAN":[122,197],"7":[123,198],"shared":[124,199],"task;":[125],"even":[126],"comparing":[127],"with":[128,188],"state-of-the-art":[130],"used":[133],"more":[134],"resources,":[135],"considerable":[139],"large":[140],"dictionary,":[141],"idiom":[143],"dictionary":[144],"semantic":[147],"information,":[148],"still":[151],"obtains":[152],"competitive":[153],"results.":[154],"Furthermore,":[155],"address":[157],"resource":[159],"scarceness":[160],"problem":[161],"training":[163,173],"generate":[168],"around":[169],"2":[170],"million":[171],"artificial":[172],"sentences":[174],"using":[175],"character":[178],"confusion":[179],"sets,":[180],"include":[182],"set":[184],"characters":[187],"shapes":[190],"pronunciations,":[193],"provided":[194],"task.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}