{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2295123408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2821650.2821657","title":"The Building Adapter","display_name":"The Building Adapter","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2295123408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2821650.2821657","mag":"2295123408"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2821650.2821657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2821650.2821657","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2821657&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Conference on Embedded Systems for Energy-Efficient Built Environments","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2821657&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088730125","display_name":"Dezhi Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5224-6043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dezhi Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085094109","display_name":"Hongning Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6524-9195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongning Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039304849","display_name":"Jorge Ortiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9220-024X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Ortiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044125386","display_name":"Kamin Whitehouse","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamin Whitehouse","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088730125"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6093,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90829044,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"123","last_page":"132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9728999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9700999855995178,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7930472493171692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.7877790927886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytics","display_name":"Analytics","score":0.6789949536323547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5690414905548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.5556415319442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5411885976791382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5031489729881287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-automation","display_name":"Building automation","score":0.4789629280567169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4468223452568054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistic","display_name":"Statistic","score":0.43415483832359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32438480854034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.10784518718719482}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7930472493171692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.7877790927886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.6789949536323547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5690414905548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.5556415319442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5411885976791382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5031489729881287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83931994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149653","display_name":"Building automation","level":2,"score":0.4789629280567169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4468223452568054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89128539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963","display_name":"Statistic","level":2,"score":0.43415483832359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32438480854034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.10784518718719482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2821650.2821657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2821650.2821657","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2821657&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Conference on Embedded Systems for Energy-Efficient Built Environments","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2821650.2821657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2821650.2821657","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2821657&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Conference on Embedded Systems for Energy-Efficient Built Environments","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3944839966","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1038271","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4883107021","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1305362","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4970346267","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0845761","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8919982415","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"845761","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2295123408.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2295123408.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6538360","https://openalex.org/W1523794535","https://openalex.org/W1596717185","https://openalex.org/W1689445748","https://openalex.org/W1966026565","https://openalex.org/W1970117337","https://openalex.org/W1973509551","https://openalex.org/W1973948212","https://openalex.org/W1980244409","https://openalex.org/W2034368206","https://openalex.org/W2048231947","https://openalex.org/W2062179223","https://openalex.org/W2069429561","https://openalex.org/W2080972498","https://openalex.org/W2110704543","https://openalex.org/W2112483442","https://openalex.org/W2114535528","https://openalex.org/W2115873741","https://openalex.org/W2120708938","https://openalex.org/W2122383661","https://openalex.org/W2122838776","https://openalex.org/W2130293653","https://openalex.org/W2150884987","https://openalex.org/W2151967501","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2170960297","https://openalex.org/W2240240997","https://openalex.org/W2811380766","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2913340405","https://openalex.org/W2914746235","https://openalex.org/W4298222310","https://openalex.org/W6643601877","https://openalex.org/W6676840641","https://openalex.org/W6682198495","https://openalex.org/W6682569104"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2794103424","https://openalex.org/W1996530509","https://openalex.org/W2058118494","https://openalex.org/W3028317537","https://openalex.org/W2392768766","https://openalex.org/W2389515972","https://openalex.org/W4245435724","https://openalex.org/W2055301889","https://openalex.org/W4400979532","https://openalex.org/W2382021449"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Building":[0],"analytics":[1,34,179],"can":[2,140],"produce":[3],"substantial":[4],"energy":[5],"savings":[6],"in":[7,131],"commercial":[8,133,190],"buildings":[9,112,191],"by":[10],"automatically":[11,141],"detecting":[12],"wasteful":[13],"or":[14],"incorrect":[15],"operations.":[16],"However,":[17],"a":[18,46,51,87,96,168,202],"new":[19,64,177],"building's":[20],"sensing":[21],"and":[22,40,78,99],"control":[23],"points":[24,148],"need":[25,197],"to":[26,29,54,66,104,181,184],"be":[27],"mapped":[28],"the":[30,41,93,110,147,155,185,193,196],"inputs":[31],"of":[32,43,89,92,146,187,189],"an":[33],"engine":[35,180],"before":[36],"analysis":[37],"is":[38,45],"feasible":[39],"process":[42,49],"mapping":[44,69,200],"highly":[47],"manual":[48,72,199],"-":[50],"key":[52],"obstacle":[53],"scaling":[55],"up":[56],"building":[57,98,178],"analytics.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60,120,138],"paper,":[61],"we":[62],"present":[63],"techniques":[65,81,166],"perform":[67],"automatic":[68],"without":[70,195],"any":[71,176],"intervention.":[73],"Our":[74],"approach":[75,121,139],"builds":[76],"on":[77,163,201],"improves":[79],"upon":[80],"from":[82,95,126],"transfer":[83],"learning:":[84],"it":[85],"learns":[86],"set":[88],"statistic":[90],"classifiers":[91,103],"metadata":[94,116],"labeled":[97],"adaptively":[100],"integrates":[101],"those":[102],"another":[105],"unlabeled":[106],"building,":[107],"even":[108],"if":[109],"two":[111],"have":[113],"very":[114],"different":[115],"conventions.":[117],"We":[118],"evaluate":[119],"using":[122],"7":[123],"days'":[124],"data":[125],"over":[127],"2,500":[128],"sensors":[129],"located":[130],"3":[132],"buildings.":[134],"Results":[135],"indicate":[136],"that":[137,173],"label":[142,161],"at":[143],"least":[144],"36%":[145],"with":[149],"more":[150],"than":[151],"85%":[152],"accuracy,":[153],"while":[154],"best":[156],"baseline":[157],"achieves":[158],"only":[159],"63%":[160],"accuracy":[162],"average.":[164],"These":[165],"represent":[167],"first":[169],"step":[170],"towards":[171],"technology":[172],"would":[174],"enable":[175],"scale":[182],"quickly":[183],"10's":[186],"millions":[188],"across":[192],"globe,":[194],"for":[198],"per-building":[203],"basis.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}