{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2269850215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2820610","title":"Improving Write Performance by Controlling Target Resistance Distributions in MLC PRAM","display_name":"Improving Write Performance by Controlling Target Resistance Distributions in MLC PRAM","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2269850215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2820610","mag":"2269850215"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2820610","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2820610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105046310","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","issn_l":"1084-4309","issn":["1084-4309","1557-7309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100774710","display_name":"Young Sik Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4114-4935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngsik Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063521444","display_name":"Sungjoo Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5853-0675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungjoo Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048785540","display_name":"Sunggu Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3858-0779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunggu Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6248,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64814119,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9132668972015381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reset","display_name":"Reset (finance)","score":0.7983556985855103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.7236372828483582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6173200011253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idle","display_name":"Idle","score":0.6042785048484802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-change-memory","display_name":"Phase-change memory","score":0.5503911972045898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.48425552248954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3693186640739441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3380720019340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-change","display_name":"Phase change","score":0.1470392346382141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13737136125564575}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9132668972015381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779795794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315343","display_name":"Reset (finance)","level":2,"score":0.7983556985855103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.7236372828483582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6173200011253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16320812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812200","display_name":"Idle","level":2,"score":0.6042785048484802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64142963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153902","display_name":"Phase-change memory","level":3,"score":0.5503911972045898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.48425552248954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3693186640739441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3380720019340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133256868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180940","display_name":"Phase change","level":2,"score":0.1470392346382141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13737136125564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61696701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766","display_name":"Engineering physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2820610","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2820610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105046310","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","issn_l":"1084-4309","issn":["1084-4309","1557-7309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oasis.postech.ac.kr:2014.oak/37113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oasis.postech.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/37113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401965","display_name":"Open Access System for Information Sharing (Pohang University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","host_organization_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317879","display_name":"SK Hynix","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970731837","https://openalex.org/W1972388231","https://openalex.org/W1973735988","https://openalex.org/W1983826793","https://openalex.org/W1996160696","https://openalex.org/W2010795939","https://openalex.org/W2020740707","https://openalex.org/W2023294760","https://openalex.org/W2028300596","https://openalex.org/W2032818550","https://openalex.org/W2033982707","https://openalex.org/W2035934766","https://openalex.org/W2036934942","https://openalex.org/W2041588416","https://openalex.org/W2047014860","https://openalex.org/W2047427636","https://openalex.org/W2048588974","https://openalex.org/W2055818721","https://openalex.org/W2063799733","https://openalex.org/W2072465842","https://openalex.org/W2077940408","https://openalex.org/W2082070657","https://openalex.org/W2085273892","https://openalex.org/W2091988614","https://openalex.org/W2094043668","https://openalex.org/W2097823832","https://openalex.org/W2102449048","https://openalex.org/W2114924497","https://openalex.org/W2119092821","https://openalex.org/W2121795083","https://openalex.org/W2122004371","https://openalex.org/W2122352981","https://openalex.org/W2123728009","https://openalex.org/W2124165274","https://openalex.org/W2132792130","https://openalex.org/W2143104608","https://openalex.org/W2144603794","https://openalex.org/W2147539449","https://openalex.org/W2149122124","https://openalex.org/W2154229954","https://openalex.org/W2158464944","https://openalex.org/W2161190851","https://openalex.org/W2163182174","https://openalex.org/W2169261257","https://openalex.org/W2527193322","https://openalex.org/W4205474951","https://openalex.org/W4239813889"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980582986","https://openalex.org/W2169261257","https://openalex.org/W3145535897","https://openalex.org/W2544064345","https://openalex.org/W2189507863","https://openalex.org/W2134171190","https://openalex.org/W2047644389","https://openalex.org/W1976016232","https://openalex.org/W1987105640","https://openalex.org/W2135880906"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-level":[0],"cell":[1],"(MLC)":[2],"phase":[3],"change":[4],"RAM":[5],"(PRAM)":[6],"is":[7,21],"expected":[8],"to":[9,41,112,171],"offer":[10],"lower":[11],"cost":[12],"main":[13,155],"memory":[14,156],"than":[15],"DRAM.":[16],"However,":[17],"poor":[18],"write":[19,43,86,93,98,102,138],"performance":[20,44],"one":[22],"of":[23,31,51,67,80,96,146,168],"the":[24,47,63,77,105,121,133],"most":[25],"critical":[26],"problems":[27],"for":[28],"practical":[29],"applications":[30],"MLC":[32,52,122],"PRAM.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35],"article,":[36],"we":[37,56,89],"present":[38],"two":[39],"schemes":[40,139],"improve":[42],"by":[45],"controlling":[46],"target":[48,64],"resistance":[49,65],"distribution":[50],"PRAM":[53,123],"cells.":[54],"First,":[55],"propose":[57,90],"multiple":[58,134],"RESET/SET":[59,73,135],"operations":[60],"that":[61,103,107,132],"relax":[62],"bands":[66],"intermediate":[68,81],"logic":[69,82],"levels":[70],"with":[71],"additional":[72],"operations,":[74],"which":[75],"reduces":[76],"program":[78],"time":[79,118],"levels,":[83],"thereby":[84],"improving":[85],"performance.":[87],"Second,":[88],"a":[91,116,152],"two-step":[92,137],"scheme":[94],"consisting":[95],"lightweight":[97],"and":[99,120,136,148],"idle-time":[100],"completion":[101],"exploits":[104],"fact":[106],"hot":[108],"dirty":[109],"data":[110],"tend":[111],"be":[113],"overwritten":[114],"in":[115,141,163],"short":[117],"period":[119],"often":[124],"has":[125],"long":[126],"idle":[127],"times.":[128],"Experimental":[129],"results":[130,162],"show":[131],"result":[140],"an":[142,164],"average":[143,165],"IPC":[144,166],"improvement":[145,167],"15.7%":[147],"10.4%,":[149],"respectively,":[150],"on":[151],"hybrid":[153],"DRAM/PRAM":[154],"subsystem.":[157],"Furthermore,":[158],"their":[159],"integrated":[160],"solution":[161],"23.2%":[169],"(up":[170],"46.4%).":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}