{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2251198138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2818346.2830587","title":"Emotion Recognition in the Wild via Convolutional Neural Networks and Mapped Binary Patterns","display_name":"Emotion Recognition in the Wild via Convolutional Neural Networks and Mapped Binary Patterns","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2251198138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2818346.2830587","mag":"2251198138"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2818346.2830587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2818346.2830587","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM on International Conference on Multimodal Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006990185","display_name":"Gil Levi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164950643","display_name":"Open University of Israel","ror":"https://ror.org/027z64205","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164950643"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gil Levi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Open University of Israel, Raanana, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Open University of Israel, Raanana, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164950643"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075765401","display_name":"Tal Hassner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2275-1406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164950643","display_name":"Open University of Israel","ror":"https://ror.org/027z64205","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164950643"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tal Hassner","raw_affiliation_strings":["USC/Information Sciences Institute & The Open University of Israel, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USC/Information Sciences Institute & The Open University of Israel, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164950643"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006990185"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164950643"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":34.1316,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":334,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.998073,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"503","last_page":"510"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8139070868492126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7453614473342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7450005412101746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6649256348609924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.582973837852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5204517841339111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-binary-patterns","display_name":"Local binary patterns","score":0.4708520770072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4611824154853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.45472919940948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.45418041944503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.44168195128440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-recognition","display_name":"Emotion recognition","score":0.4403277635574341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.42273059487342834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.42037349939346313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4120945632457733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.32431209087371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.17165160179138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07499498128890991}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8139070868492126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7453614473342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7450005412101746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6649256348609924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.582973837852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5204517841339111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.4708520770072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4611824154853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.45472919940948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.45418041944503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44168195128440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion recognition","level":2,"score":0.4403277635574341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.42273059487342834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42037349939346313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4120945632457733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.32431209087371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.17165160179138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07499498128890991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2818346.2830587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2818346.2830587","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM on International Conference on Multimodal Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.722.9428","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.722.9428","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.openu.ac.il/home/hassner/projects/cnn_emotions/LeviHassner%28ICMI15%29.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312530","display_name":"Office of the Director of National Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01v3fsc55"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W817531969","https://openalex.org/W1607979445","https://openalex.org/W1608675337","https://openalex.org/W1674866864","https://openalex.org/W1866173756","https://openalex.org/W1905153633","https://openalex.org/W1916406603","https://openalex.org/W1925592231","https://openalex.org/W1950843348","https://openalex.org/W1965804146","https://openalex.org/W1982709543","https://openalex.org/W2000820603","https://openalex.org/W2005876975","https://openalex.org/W2030098377","https://openalex.org/W2039051707","https://openalex.org/W2047508432","https://openalex.org/W2067752346","https://openalex.org/W2079082863","https://openalex.org/W2081835714","https://openalex.org/W2083021723","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2098017479","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2125127226","https://openalex.org/W2134670479","https://openalex.org/W2140609507","https://openalex.org/W2143668817","https://openalex.org/W2145310492","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2149494055","https://openalex.org/W2154683974","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2161634108","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2163808566","https://openalex.org/W2171939880","https://openalex.org/W2243226955","https://openalex.org/W2319824271","https://openalex.org/W2652751060","https://openalex.org/W2963173190","https://openalex.org/W3080970539","https://openalex.org/W3099206234","https://openalex.org/W3208669052","https://openalex.org/W4240108017","https://openalex.org/W6670356954","https://openalex.org/W6739509182"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055219403","https://openalex.org/W2791313072","https://openalex.org/W3166997759","https://openalex.org/W2584926856","https://openalex.org/W2014713986","https://openalex.org/W3214419959","https://openalex.org/W2910954186","https://openalex.org/W4205999209","https://openalex.org/W4288570796","https://openalex.org/W2444525338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,174],"novel":[3,96],"method":[4,47,151],"for":[5,41],"classifying":[6],"emotions":[7],"from":[8,63],"static":[9],"facial":[10],"images.":[11],"Our":[12,46,150],"approach":[13],"leverages":[14],"on":[15,24,70,131,154],"the":[16,29,52,56,64,80,155,159],"recent":[17],"success":[18],"of":[19,54,82,98,127],"Convolutional":[20],"Neural":[21],"Networks":[22],"(CNN)":[23],"face":[25],"recognition":[26],"problems.":[27],"Unlike":[28],"settings":[30],"often":[31],"assumed":[32],"there,":[33],"far":[34],"less":[35],"labeled":[36,142],"data":[37,83,144],"is":[38,48,136],"typically":[39],"available":[40],"training":[42,143],"emotion":[43,141],"classification":[44,148],"systems.":[45],"therefore":[49],"designed":[50,104],"with":[51,67,139],"goal":[53],"simplifying":[55],"problem":[57],"domain":[58],"by":[59],"removing":[60],"confounding":[61],"factors":[62],"input":[65],"images,":[66],"an":[68,76,125],"emphasis":[69],"image":[71,99],"illumination":[72],"variations.":[73],"This,":[74],"in":[75,158,183],"effort":[77],"to":[78,85,101,105,108,115,123,145,172],"reduce":[79],"amount":[81],"required":[84],"effectively":[86],"train":[87,124],"deep":[88],"CNN":[89],"models.":[90,149],"To":[91],"this":[92],"end,":[93],"we":[94],"propose":[95],"transformations":[97],"intensities":[100],"3D":[102],"spaces,":[103],"be":[106],"invariant":[107],"monotonic":[109],"photometric":[110],"transformations.":[111],"These":[112],"are":[113,120],"applied":[114],"CASIA":[116],"Webface":[117],"images":[118],"which":[119],"then":[121,137],"used":[122],"ensemble":[126],"multiple":[128,132],"architecture":[129],"CNNs":[130],"representations.":[133],"Each":[134],"model":[135],"fine-tuned":[138],"limited":[140],"obtain":[146],"final":[147],"was":[152],"tested":[153],"Emotion":[156],"Recognition":[157,167],"Wild":[160],"Challenge":[161],"(EmotiW":[162],"2015),":[163],"Static":[164],"Facial":[165],"Expression":[166],"sub-challenge":[168],"(SFEW)":[169],"and":[170],"shown":[171],"provide":[173],"substantial,":[175],"15.36%":[176],"improvement":[177],"over":[178],"baseline":[179],"results":[180],"(40%":[181],"gain":[182],"performance).":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}