{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2052987786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2817946.2817956","title":"Towards Graph Watermarks","display_name":"Towards Graph Watermarks","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2052987786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2817946.2817956","mag":"2052987786"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2817946.2817956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2817946.2817956","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2817956&type=pdf","source":null,"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM on Conference on Online Social Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2817956&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041556115","display_name":"Xiaohan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0896-036X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100713357","display_name":"Qingyun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022672030","display_name":"Hai-Tao Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5128-5649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitao Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108248360","display_name":"Ben Y. Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8909-0494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Y. Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"101","last_page":"112"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.724959671497345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.6991348266601562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vendor","display_name":"Vendor","score":0.6248447299003601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5342565774917603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.44677048921585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.44136613607406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4280141592025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3616366386413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3589056134223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16705062985420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.16400650143623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11816611886024475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.724959671497345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.6991348266601562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777338717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1762621","display_name":"Vendor","level":2,"score":0.6248447299003601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5342565774917603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.44677048921585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.44136613607406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4280141592025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3616366386413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3589056134223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16705062985420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.16400650143623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11816611886024475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2817946.2817956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2817946.2817956","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2817956&type=pdf","source":null,"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM on Conference on Online Social Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2817946.2817956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2817946.2817956","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2817956&type=pdf","source":null,"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM on Conference on Online Social Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2811553095","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1527939","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3166985072","display_name":"TWC: Small: Understanding and Defending Against Crowdsourced Online Identities","funder_award_id":"1224100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3649164302","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1317153","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G51858836","display_name":"TWC: Small: User Behavior Modeling and Prediction in Anonymous Social Networks","funder_award_id":"1527939","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6087088170","display_name":"III: Small: Analysis and Models of Social Network Structure, Growth and Dynamics","funder_award_id":"1321083","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6152732426","display_name":"NeTS: Small: Mobile mmWaves: Addressing the Cellular Capacity Crisis with 60 GHz Picocells","funder_award_id":"1317153","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8159241427","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1224100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2052987786.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2052987786.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20667085","https://openalex.org/W100164737","https://openalex.org/W595138760","https://openalex.org/W1489356009","https://openalex.org/W1489520413","https://openalex.org/W1560267311","https://openalex.org/W1660562555","https://openalex.org/W1839992670","https://openalex.org/W1994473607","https://openalex.org/W1998091733","https://openalex.org/W2022704179","https://openalex.org/W2033728241","https://openalex.org/W2036265926","https://openalex.org/W2044322670","https://openalex.org/W2068015060","https://openalex.org/W2070265204","https://openalex.org/W2073415627","https://openalex.org/W2092681991","https://openalex.org/W2096296626","https://openalex.org/W2099829318","https://openalex.org/W2107968098","https://openalex.org/W2108614537","https://openalex.org/W2110953678","https://openalex.org/W2111708605","https://openalex.org/W2115022330","https://openalex.org/W2118129996","https://openalex.org/W2119404697","https://openalex.org/W2124849257","https://openalex.org/W2125671325","https://openalex.org/W2128248866","https://openalex.org/W2131717044","https://openalex.org/W2133531446","https://openalex.org/W2135010923","https://openalex.org/W2135415776","https://openalex.org/W2143170993","https://openalex.org/W2145419924","https://openalex.org/W2146591355","https://openalex.org/W2155461593","https://openalex.org/W2159390040","https://openalex.org/W2159675343","https://openalex.org/W2163263459","https://openalex.org/W2168433392","https://openalex.org/W2169016692","https://openalex.org/W2181900708","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2769133055","https://openalex.org/W2905110430","https://openalex.org/W3038129926","https://openalex.org/W4252973173","https://openalex.org/W6633449523"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2478661203","https://openalex.org/W2004830053","https://openalex.org/W3008115697","https://openalex.org/W2145175947","https://openalex.org/W3124949371","https://openalex.org/W2120643196","https://openalex.org/W1969195496","https://openalex.org/W1567555513","https://openalex.org/W2471694075","https://openalex.org/W4287864641"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"From":[0],"network":[1,38],"topologies":[2],"to":[3,27],"online":[4],"social":[5],"networks,":[6],"many":[7],"of":[8],"today's":[9],"most":[10],"sensitive":[11,29],"datasets":[12],"are":[13],"captured":[14],"in":[15],"large":[16],"graphs.":[17],"A":[18],"significant":[19],"challenge":[20],"facing":[21],"the":[22,60],"data":[23],"owners":[24],"is":[25],"how":[26],"share":[28],"graphs":[30,40],"with":[31,41],"collaborators":[32],"or":[33,54],"authorized":[34],"users,":[35],"e.g.":[36],"ISP's":[37],"topology":[39],"a":[42],"third":[43],"party":[44],"networking":[45],"equipment":[46],"vendor.":[47],"Current":[48],"tools":[49],"can":[50],"provide":[51],"limited":[52],"node":[53],"edge":[55],"privacy,":[56],"but":[57],"significantly":[58],"modify":[59],"graph":[61],"reducing":[62],"its":[63],"utility.":[64]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
