{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018174446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2814825","title":"Keys under doormats","display_name":"Keys under doormats","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018174446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2814825","mag":"2018174446"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2814825","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2814825","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/102271","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109854280","display_name":"Harold Abelson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5328-7821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109586","display_name":"Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/021es5e59","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109586"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harold Abelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109586"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046983053","display_name":"Ross Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8697-5682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ross Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge","University of Cambridge,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078255942","display_name":"Steven M. Bellovin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1231-0407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven M. Bellovin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113658617","display_name":"Josh Benaloh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josh Benaloh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research","Microsoft research#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft research#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017589378","display_name":"Matt Blaze","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt Blaze","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania","#N# * University of Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N# * University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626","https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055867345","display_name":"Whitfield Diffie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Whitfield \"Whit\" Diffie","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038481240","display_name":"John F. Gilmore","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128932","display_name":"Cygnus (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038dgnc07","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128932"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Gilmore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cygnus Solutions"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cygnus Solutions","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128932"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100626532","display_name":"Matthew Green","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9862-6340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138172","display_name":"Institute of Information Security","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmfrm44","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138172"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Green","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University Information Security Institute","[Johns Hopkins University Information Security Institute]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University Information Security Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I4210138172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Johns Hopkins University Information Security Institute]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086120667","display_name":"Susan Landau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4826-6134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan Landau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015261693","display_name":"Peter G. Neumann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1197-8000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter G. Neumann","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI International","SRI, International;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI, International;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051087399","display_name":"Ronald L. Rivest","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald L. Rivest","raw_affiliation_strings":["RSA Security and Verisign"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RSA Security and Verisign","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065415761","display_name":"Jeffrey I. Schiller","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey I. Schiller","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037770347","display_name":"Bruce Schneier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1453-1083"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce Schneier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Law School","Harvard Law School,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Law School","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Law School,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010657600","display_name":"Michael A. Specter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7662-4042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109586","display_name":"Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/021es5e59","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109586"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael A. Specter","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109586"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059390122","display_name":"Daniel J. Weitzner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2368-5300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109586","display_name":"Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/021es5e59","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109586"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel J. Weitzner","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109586"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3789,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95546745,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"10","first_page":"24","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6207231283187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5880999565124512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.4807855486869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3598945736885071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3580879867076874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6207231283187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5880999565124512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4807855486869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3598945736885071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3580879867076874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2814825","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2814825","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/102271","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/102271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MIT web domain","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/102271","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/102271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MIT web domain","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328988","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495444061","https://openalex.org/W1588416948","https://openalex.org/W2089187712","https://openalex.org/W2146973388","https://openalex.org/W2169908972","https://openalex.org/W2551880012","https://openalex.org/W2905430440"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mandating":[0],"insecurity":[1],"by":[2],"requiring":[3],"government":[4],"access":[5],"to":[6],"all":[7],"data":[8],"and":[9],"communications.":[10]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
