{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2066968438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2814270.2814273","title":"Vectorization of apply to reduce interpretation overhead of R","display_name":"Vectorization of apply to reduce interpretation overhead of R","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2066968438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2814270.2814273","mag":"2066968438"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2814270.2814273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2814270.2814273","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101500937","display_name":"Haichuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8448-517X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haichuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109071293","display_name":"David Padua","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Padua","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108630261","display_name":"Peng Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146936","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jyqk712","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210146936"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Lab, USA","Huawei Lab, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Lab, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146936"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Lab, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146936"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101500937"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.015,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9447423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"400","last_page":"415"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8803452849388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpreter","display_name":"Interpreter","score":0.6510154008865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.6033946871757507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vectorization","display_name":"Vectorization (mathematics)","score":0.5936872363090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5055770874023438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4967959225177765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.48941221833229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-transformation","display_name":"Program transformation","score":0.4651324152946472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4467850923538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.39531609416007996}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8803452849388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122783720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183065","display_name":"Interpreter","level":2,"score":0.6510154008865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.6033946871757507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41681595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7917855","display_name":"Vectorization (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5936872363090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5055770874023438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4967959225177765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.48941221833229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778361913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248437","display_name":"Program transformation","level":2,"score":0.4651324152946472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4467850923538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.39531609416007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2814270.2814273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2814270.2814273","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W121994753","https://openalex.org/W179284913","https://openalex.org/W1968628974","https://openalex.org/W1970413960","https://openalex.org/W1984988351","https://openalex.org/W1990087033","https://openalex.org/W1999926936","https://openalex.org/W2013156670","https://openalex.org/W2015185477","https://openalex.org/W2026489303","https://openalex.org/W2039690203","https://openalex.org/W2039950257","https://openalex.org/W2046659665","https://openalex.org/W2058213389","https://openalex.org/W2058639022","https://openalex.org/W2064582221","https://openalex.org/W2067635581","https://openalex.org/W2068640305","https://openalex.org/W2083042494","https://openalex.org/W2088494048","https://openalex.org/W2094269821","https://openalex.org/W2095430247","https://openalex.org/W2109722477","https://openalex.org/W2112139288","https://openalex.org/W2113997983","https://openalex.org/W2116136092","https://openalex.org/W2117538871","https://openalex.org/W2122878128","https://openalex.org/W2128457714","https://openalex.org/W2140311411","https://openalex.org/W2147654959","https://openalex.org/W2405480178","https://openalex.org/W2574134800","https://openalex.org/W3142323636","https://openalex.org/W4233166705","https://openalex.org/W4250107321","https://openalex.org/W6676367512"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2762467749","https://openalex.org/W1721418433","https://openalex.org/W2463512549","https://openalex.org/W2374048355","https://openalex.org/W3089412887","https://openalex.org/W2161584192","https://openalex.org/W2979513934","https://openalex.org/W2351155539","https://openalex.org/W2013156670","https://openalex.org/W2762601210"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"R":[0,35,98,186,201,223],"is":[1,209,211,248],"a":[2,22,85,90,113,116,157,161,166,221,240,258],"popular":[3],"dynamic":[4,52],"language":[5,19],"designed":[6],"for":[7,239],"statistical":[8],"computing.":[9],"Despite":[10],"R's":[11,18],"huge":[12],"user":[13,218],"base,":[14],"the":[15,49,62,75,79,102,129,136,149,153,172,180,189,196,205,214,217,232],"inefficiency":[16],"in":[17,25,135,185],"implementation":[20,124],"becomes":[21],"major":[23],"pain-point":[24],"everyday":[26],"use":[27,220],"as":[28,30,84,199],"well":[29],"an":[31,200],"obstacle":[32],"to":[33,36,47,74,93,147,212],"apply":[34],"solve":[37],"large":[38],"scale":[39],"analytics":[40],"problems.":[41],"The":[42,122,228],"two":[43,111],"most":[44],"common":[45],"approaches":[46,70],"improve":[48,94],"performance":[50,237],"of":[51,97,107,118,125,152,160,168,182,191,242,260],"languages":[53],"are:":[54],"implementing":[55],"more":[56],"efficient":[57],"interpretation":[58,192],"strategies":[59],"and":[60,77,115,144,216,255],"extending":[61],"interpreter":[63,224],"with":[64,132],"Just-In-Time":[65],"(JIT)":[66],"compiler.":[67],"However,":[68],"both":[69],"require":[71],"significant":[72,236],"changes":[73],"interpreter,":[76],"complicate":[78],"adoption":[80],"by":[81,100,187],"development":[82],"teams":[83],"result.":[86],"This":[87,175,247],"paper":[88],"presents":[89],"new":[91],"approach":[92,140],"execution":[95,151,181],"efficiency":[96],"programs":[99],"vectorizing":[101],"widely":[103],"used":[104],"Apply":[105,109,126,155,183],"class":[106],"operations.":[108],"accepts":[110],"parameters:":[112],"function":[114,131,145,163],"collection":[117,241],"input":[119,130,173],"data":[120,137,142,243],"elements.":[121],"standard":[123,154],"iteratively":[127],"invokes":[128],"each":[133],"element":[134],"collection.":[138],"Our":[139],"combines":[141],"transformation":[143,198],"vectorization":[146,197],"convert":[148],"looping-over-data":[150],"into":[156],"single":[158],"invocation":[159],"vectorized":[162],"that":[164,208,231],"contains":[165],"sequence":[167],"vector":[169],"operations":[170,184],"over":[171],"data.":[174],"conversion":[176],"can":[177,219],"significantly":[178],"speed-up":[179],"reducing":[188],"number":[190],"steps.":[193],"We":[194],"implemented":[195],"package.":[202],"To":[203],"enable":[204],"optimization,":[206],"all":[207],"needed":[210],"invoke":[213],"package,":[215],"normal":[222],"without":[225,250],"any":[226,251],"changes.":[227],"evaluation":[229],"shows":[230],"proposed":[233],"method":[234],"delivers":[235],"improvements":[238],"analysis":[244],"algorithm":[245],"benchmarks.":[246],"achieved":[249],"native":[252],"code":[253],"generation":[254],"using":[256],"only":[257],"single-thread":[259],"execution.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
