{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998082028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2814228.2814249","title":"Against a universal definition of 'Type'","display_name":"Against a universal definition of 'Type'","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998082028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2814228.2814249","mag":"1998082028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2814228.2814249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2814228.2814249","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 ACM International Symposium on New Ideas, New Paradigms, and Reflections on Programming and Software (Onward!)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tomas Petricek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tomas Petricek","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7542,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91604995,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"254","last_page":"266"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.917900025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9136000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.7098300457000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5980109572410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-science","display_name":"Philosophy of science","score":0.4738350808620453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excursion","display_name":"Excursion","score":0.4365568459033966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.2547004222869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.09772056341171265}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.7098300457000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5980109572410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.4738350808620453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780550144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156976","display_name":"Excursion","level":2,"score":0.4365568459033966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.2547004222869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.09772056341171265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2814228.2814249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2814228.2814249","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 ACM International Symposium on New Ideas, New Paradigms, and Reflections on Programming and Software (Onward!)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kar.kent.ac.uk:67144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2814228.2814249>)","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196264","display_name":"Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","host_organization_name":"University of Kent","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20464340","https://openalex.org/W202283534","https://openalex.org/W606696939","https://openalex.org/W1557561422","https://openalex.org/W1742825975","https://openalex.org/W1971670344","https://openalex.org/W1980939032","https://openalex.org/W1996404651","https://openalex.org/W1996934409","https://openalex.org/W2046137117","https://openalex.org/W2051001073","https://openalex.org/W2063380184","https://openalex.org/W2086577112","https://openalex.org/W2087784813","https://openalex.org/W2098691999","https://openalex.org/W2151232706","https://openalex.org/W2326972230","https://openalex.org/W2798568231","https://openalex.org/W3000593863","https://openalex.org/W3162439866"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1971411732","https://openalex.org/W2362407587","https://openalex.org/W4401579034","https://openalex.org/W3167953481","https://openalex.org/W4205248644","https://openalex.org/W3097042218","https://openalex.org/W4252469072","https://openalex.org/W2021732642"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"What":[0],"is":[1,99],"the":[2,42,48],"definition":[3],"of":[4,44,50,55,85,94,118],"'type'?":[5],"Having":[6],"a":[7],"clear":[8,30],"and":[9,19,31,46],"precise":[10,32],"answer":[11,33],"to":[12,34,71],"this":[13,35,60,98,115],"question":[14,36],"would":[15,37],"avoid":[16],"many":[17,77],"misunderstandings":[18],"prevent":[20],"meaningless":[21],"discussions":[22],"that":[23,64,97],"arise":[24],"from":[25],"them.":[26],"But":[27],"having":[28],"such":[29],"also":[38,108],"hurt":[39],"science,":[40],"\"hamper":[41],"growth":[43],"knowledge\"":[45],"\"deflect":[47],"course":[49],"investigation":[51],"into":[52,92],"narrow":[53],"channels":[54],"things":[56],"already":[57],"understood\".":[58],"In":[59],"essay,":[61],"I":[62],"argue":[63],"not":[65,100],"everything":[66],"we":[67,111],"work":[68],"with":[69],"needs":[70],"be":[72],"precisely":[73],"defined.":[74],"There":[75],"are":[76],"definitions":[78],"used":[79],"by":[80],"different":[81],"communities,":[82],"but":[83,103],"none":[84],"them":[86],"applies":[87],"universally.":[88],"A":[89],"brief":[90],"excursion":[91],"philosophy":[93],"science":[95],"shows":[96],"just":[101],"tolerable,":[102],"necessary":[104],"for":[105],"progress.":[106],"Philosophy":[107],"suggests":[109],"how":[110],"can":[112],"think":[113],"about":[114],"imprecise":[116],"notion":[117],"type.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T23:56:10.502304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
