{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2032410136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2810103.2813727","title":"DEMOS-2","display_name":"DEMOS-2","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2032410136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2810103.2813727","mag":"2032410136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2810103.2813727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2810103.2813727","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/79103/1/demos2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073753740","display_name":"Aggelos Kiayias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2451-1430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aggelos Kiayias","raw_affiliation_strings":["National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, #N#Athens, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, #N#Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031029773","display_name":"Thomas Zacharias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5022-8543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Zacharias","raw_affiliation_strings":["National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, #N#Athens, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, #N#Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068527949","display_name":"Bingsheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2320-9582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingsheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073753740"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4622,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94837734,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"352","last_page":"363"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ballot","display_name":"Ballot","score":0.8272101879119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7392641305923462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.6982179284095764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.6222741603851318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.5858290791511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5432220697402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.45487770438194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.41203171014785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.19249269366264343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.1821054220199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14780917763710022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10043150186538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08319094777107239}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777094542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905151","display_name":"Ballot","level":4,"score":0.8272101879119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7392641305923462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.6982179284095764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.6222741603851318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.5858290791511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5432220697402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.45487770438194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.41203171014785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.19249269366264343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1821054220199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14780917763710022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10043150186538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08319094777107239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2810103.2813727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2810103.2813727","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:79103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/79103/1/demos2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:79103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/79103/1/demos2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323149","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2032410136.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2032410136.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40134741","https://openalex.org/W64287730","https://openalex.org/W807878409","https://openalex.org/W1499934958","https://openalex.org/W1522706628","https://openalex.org/W1538332662","https://openalex.org/W1553083934","https://openalex.org/W1572349943","https://openalex.org/W1595610648","https://openalex.org/W1654227282","https://openalex.org/W1997859100","https://openalex.org/W2007216019","https://openalex.org/W2028234853","https://openalex.org/W2052267638","https://openalex.org/W2079913403","https://openalex.org/W2100705134","https://openalex.org/W2102632861","https://openalex.org/W2134829861","https://openalex.org/W2139910984","https://openalex.org/W2141395382","https://openalex.org/W2224364690","https://openalex.org/W2899867281"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2618102231","https://openalex.org/W4205739996","https://openalex.org/W2091142111","https://openalex.org/W2615644033","https://openalex.org/W2032347069","https://openalex.org/W2091308113","https://openalex.org/W2105564033","https://openalex.org/W1629737931","https://openalex.org/W3028659161","https://openalex.org/W2287483166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"Kiayias,":[1],"Zacharias":[2],"and":[3,51,71,118,138],"Zhang-proposed":[4],"a":[5,68,111,135,187],"new":[6],"E2E":[7,19],"verifiable":[8],"e-voting":[9,82],"system":[10,38],"called":[11],"'DEMOS'":[12],"that":[13,43,91,133,184],"for":[14,74,115,180],"the":[15,29,33,41,48,52,55,59,75,94,96,99,102,123,149,157,164],"first":[16],"time":[17],"provides":[18],"verifiability":[20],"without":[21],"relying":[22],"on":[23,156],"external":[24],"sources":[25],"of":[26,36,101,113,122,144,151],"randomness":[27],"or":[28],"random":[30],"oracle":[31],"model;":[32],"main":[34,88],"advantage":[35],"such":[37,84],"is":[39,90,106,186],"in":[40,148],"fact":[42],"election":[44,49,60,76],"auditors":[45],"need":[46],"only":[47],"transcript":[50],"feedback":[53],"from":[54],"voters":[56,139,166],"to":[57,80,93,108,131,146,160,163,176,182],"pronounce":[58],"process":[61],"unequivocally":[62],"valid.":[63],"Unfortunately,":[64],"DEMOS":[65],"comes":[66],"with":[67],"huge":[69],"performance":[70,154],"storage":[72],"penalty":[73,155],"authority":[77],"(EA)":[78],"compared":[79],"other":[81],"systems":[83],"as":[85],"Helios.":[86],"The":[87,153],"reason":[89],"due":[92],"way":[95,179],"EA":[97,158],"forms":[98],"proof":[100],"tally":[103],"result,":[104],"it":[105,185],"required":[107],"{\\em":[109],"precompute}":[110],"number":[112,143,150],"ciphertexts":[114],"each":[116,119],"voter":[117],"possible":[120],"choice":[121],"voter.":[124],"This":[125],"approach":[126],"clearly":[127],"does":[128],"not":[129],"scale":[130],"elections":[132],"have":[134,140],"complex":[136],"ballot":[137,171],"an":[141,169],"exponential":[142],"ways":[145],"vote":[147],"candidates.":[152],"appears":[159],"be":[161,177],"intrinsic":[162],"approach:":[165],"cannot":[167],"compute":[168],"enciphered":[170],"themselves":[172],"because":[173],"there":[174],"seems":[175],"no":[178],"them":[181],"prove":[183],"valid":[188],"ciphertext.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}