{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020218923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2810103.2813712","title":"How to Use Bitcoin to Play Decentralized Poker","display_name":"How to Use Bitcoin to Play Decentralized Poker","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020218923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2810103.2813712","mag":"2020218923"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2810103.2813712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2810103.2813712","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088989384","display_name":"Ranjit Kumaresan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2128-1734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ranjit Kumaresan","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA","MIT, Cambridge MA, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Cambridge MA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102871690","display_name":"Tal Moran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1456-0899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138898306","display_name":"Reichman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01px5cv07","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tal Moran","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDC, Herzliya, Israel","IDC Herzliya, Israel#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDC, Herzliya, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDC Herzliya, Israel#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075906914","display_name":"Iddo Bentov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iddo Bentov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technion, Haifa, Israel","Technion , Haifa , Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technion, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technion , Haifa , Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088989384"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987","https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.0399,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":108,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99121816,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"195","last_page":"206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7669210433959961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stateful-firewall","display_name":"Stateful firewall","score":0.7148013114929199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6319583654403687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-value-auction","display_name":"Common value auction","score":0.6036379933357239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5864890813827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-cash","display_name":"Electronic cash","score":0.5658168196678162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5205134749412537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.5147254467010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.48312637209892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-multi-party-computation","display_name":"Secure multi-party computation","score":0.4810509979724884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-game","display_name":"Stochastic game","score":0.4549919068813324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.42534345388412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.4183829128742218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3643842935562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.23168164491653442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.15572398900985718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.14290642738342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12636512517929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.11473068594932556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.10766053199768066}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7669210433959961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22927095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784206","display_name":"Stateful firewall","level":3,"score":0.7148013114929199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6319583654403687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163239763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153637","display_name":"Common value auction","level":2,"score":0.6036379933357239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5864890813827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778522442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1326122","display_name":"Electronic cash","level":3,"score":0.5658168196678162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5205134749412537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.5147254467010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.48312637209892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18396474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465888","display_name":"Secure multi-party computation","level":3,"score":0.4810509979724884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22171661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074380","display_name":"Stochastic game","level":2,"score":0.4549919068813324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.42534345388412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.4183829128742218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3643842935562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.23168164491653442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.15572398900985718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.14290642738342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12636512517929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.11473068594932556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.10766053199768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2810103.2813712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2810103.2813712","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2161893292","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1350619,CNS-1414119","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5460583632","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1790/13","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","funder_display_name":"Israel Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","display_name":"Israel Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04sazxf24"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60623138","https://openalex.org/W111114747","https://openalex.org/W116620834","https://openalex.org/W1499934958","https://openalex.org/W1512699878","https://openalex.org/W1548880861","https://openalex.org/W2013623332","https://openalex.org/W2027471022","https://openalex.org/W2031015560","https://openalex.org/W2035527360","https://openalex.org/W2039275540","https://openalex.org/W2088492763","https://openalex.org/W2092422002","https://openalex.org/W2113085788","https://openalex.org/W2150509722","https://openalex.org/W2156001253","https://openalex.org/W2214897964","https://openalex.org/W2233233025","https://openalex.org/W2949204748","https://openalex.org/W2949388988","https://openalex.org/W2990399857","https://openalex.org/W4250872889"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2583381754","https://openalex.org/W2144255176","https://openalex.org/W2222333653","https://openalex.org/W109977192","https://openalex.org/W1970797462","https://openalex.org/W2019740326","https://openalex.org/W2047113772","https://openalex.org/W2566747981","https://openalex.org/W2049716909","https://openalex.org/W2024784309"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Back":[0],"and":[1,5,10,57,60,125,149,205,225,264,304,314,318,328],"Bentov":[2,59,313],"(arXiv":[3],"2014)":[4,12,56,63,105],"Andrychowicz":[6,51,100,158,324],"et":[7,52,101,159,325],"al.":[8,53,102,160,326],"(Security":[9,327],"Privacy":[11,329],"introduced":[13],"techniques":[14],"to":[15,45,67,91,109,117,196,208,248,293,298],"perform":[16],"secure":[17,69,122,165,173,189,234,308,319],"multiparty":[18,151],"computations":[19,215],"on":[20],"Bitcoin.":[21],"Among":[22],"other":[23,47,300],"things,":[24],"these":[25],"works":[26,239],"constructed":[27],"lottery":[28,320],"protocols":[29,152],"that":[30,32,35,81,94,133,192,274,282,285],"ensure":[31],"any":[33,79,283],"party":[34,80,284],"aborts":[36,82],"after":[37,83],"learning":[38,84],"the":[39,65,76,85,98,118,131,137,154,269,280,289],"outcome":[40],"pays":[41,87],"a":[42,88,114,121,127,181,194,202,210,241,249,295],"monetary":[43,89,296],"penalty":[44,90,297],"all":[46,92,299],"parties.":[48,301],"Following":[49],"this,":[50],"(Bitcoin":[54,103],"Workshop":[55,104],"concurrently":[58],"Kumaresan":[61,315],"(Crypto":[62,316],"extended":[64],"solution":[66],"arbitrary":[68],"function":[70,123,190],"evaluation":[71],"while":[72],"guaranteeing":[73],"fairness":[74,140],"in":[75,134,201,240,259,279],"following":[77],"sense:":[78],"output":[86,119],"parties":[93,112,245],"did":[95],"not":[96],"learn":[97],"output.":[99],"also":[106],"suggested":[107,156],"extending":[108],"scenarios":[110],"where":[111,244],"receive":[113],"payoff":[115],"according":[116],"of":[120,139,172,213,268,312,323],"evaluation,":[124],"outlined":[126],"2-party":[128],"protocol":[129,232,276,290],"for":[130,153],"same":[132],"addition":[135],"satisfies":[136],"notion":[138],"described":[141],"above.":[142],"In":[143],"this":[144,163],"work,":[145],"we":[146],"formalize,":[147],"generalize,":[148],"construct":[150],"primitive":[155,164],"by":[157],"We":[161,272],"call":[162],"cash":[166,174,235],"distribution":[167,175,236],"with":[168,176,237,310,321],"penalties.":[169],"Our":[170,231,302],"formulation":[171],"penalties":[177,238,311,322],"poses":[178],"it":[179],"as":[180,221,228],"multistage":[182],"reactive":[183],"functionality":[184,252],"(i.e.,":[185],"more":[186],"general":[187],"than":[188],"evaluation)":[191],"provides":[193],"way":[195],"securely":[197],"implement":[198],"smart":[199],"contracts":[200],"decentralized":[203,222],"setting,":[204],"consequently":[206],"suffices":[207],"capture":[209],"wide":[211],"variety":[212],"stateful":[214],"involving":[216],"data":[217],"and/or":[218],"money,":[219],"such":[220,227],"auctions,":[223],"market,":[224],"games":[226],"poker,":[229],"etc.":[230],"realizing":[233],"hybrid":[242],"model":[243],"have":[246],"access":[247],"claim-or-refund":[250],"transaction":[251],"FCR}*":[253],"which":[254],"can":[255],"be":[256],"efficiently":[257],"realized":[258],"(a":[260],"variant":[261],"of)":[262],"Bitcoin,":[263],"is":[265,277,291],"otherwise":[266],"independent":[267],"Bitcoin":[270],"ecosystem.":[271],"emphasize":[273],"our":[275],"dropout-tolerant":[278],"sense":[281],"drops":[286],"out":[287],"during":[288],"forced":[292],"pay":[294],"formalization":[303],"construction":[305],"generalize":[306],"both":[307],"computation":[309],"2014),":[317],"2014).":[330]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
