{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2023306951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2810103.2813622","title":"Surpass","display_name":"Surpass","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2023306951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2810103.2813622","mag":"2023306951"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2810103.2813622","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2810103.2813622","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084089956","display_name":"Jun Ho Huh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2007-4018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82514191","display_name":"Honeywell (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02t71h845","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Ho Huh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Honeywell ACS Labs, Golden Valley, MN, USA","[Honeywell ACS Labs, Golden Valley, MN, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honeywell ACS Labs, Golden Valley, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Honeywell ACS Labs, Golden Valley, MN, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077406616","display_name":"Seongyeol Oh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seongyeol Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016563574","display_name":"Hyoungshick Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1605-3866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyoungshick Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035380853","display_name":"Konstantin Beznosov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1327-7477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantin Beznosov","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109325459","display_name":"Apurva Mohan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82514191","display_name":"Honeywell (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02t71h845","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Apurva Mohan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Honeywell ACS Labs, Golden Valley, MN, USA","[Honeywell ACS Labs, Golden Valley, MN, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honeywell ACS Labs, Golden Valley, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Honeywell ACS Labs, Golden Valley, MN, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108572482","display_name":"S. Raj Rajagopalan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82514191","display_name":"Honeywell (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02t71h845","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Raj Rajagopalan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Honeywell ACS Labs, Golden Valley, MN, USA","[Honeywell ACS Labs, Golden Valley, MN, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honeywell ACS Labs, Golden Valley, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Honeywell ACS Labs, Golden Valley, MN, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084089956"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.7136,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98417066,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"170","last_page":"181"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9218000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.9591231346130371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7225195169448853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.696179211139679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6405469179153442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-policy","display_name":"Password policy","score":0.6314793825149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-password","display_name":"Cognitive password","score":0.6172100901603699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.6007353663444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-strength","display_name":"Password strength","score":0.5618781447410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4530191421508789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-policy","display_name":"Security policy","score":0.41424939036369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3789410889148712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-time-password","display_name":"One-time password","score":0.34286242723464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.2265123426914215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09242767095565796}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.9591231346130371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7225195169448853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.696179211139679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6405469179153442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98705547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3394687","display_name":"Password policy","level":4,"score":0.6314793825149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23875713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141232","display_name":"Cognitive password","level":5,"score":0.6172100901603699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.6007353663444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70530487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990841","display_name":"Password strength","level":4,"score":0.5618781447410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4530191421508789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154908896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2167404","display_name":"Security policy","level":2,"score":0.41424939036369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3789410889148712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89479133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137840","display_name":"One-time password","level":3,"score":0.34286242723464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2265123426914215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09242767095565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2810103.2813622","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2810103.2813622","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W102110531","https://openalex.org/W143386018","https://openalex.org/W1548498615","https://openalex.org/W1878893887","https://openalex.org/W1896997982","https://openalex.org/W1987516957","https://openalex.org/W2048755632","https://openalex.org/W2054626033","https://openalex.org/W2055147133","https://openalex.org/W2087721143","https://openalex.org/W2100492959","https://openalex.org/W2100783932","https://openalex.org/W2109744978","https://openalex.org/W2113266120","https://openalex.org/W2116705992","https://openalex.org/W2127171880","https://openalex.org/W2146270836","https://openalex.org/W2163006719","https://openalex.org/W2223694934","https://openalex.org/W2295069577","https://openalex.org/W4242971379"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2969720675","https://openalex.org/W2359085393","https://openalex.org/W2936467198","https://openalex.org/W4221040820","https://openalex.org/W2021087413","https://openalex.org/W2596766976","https://openalex.org/W2156083280","https://openalex.org/W2182949018","https://openalex.org/W1978329066","https://openalex.org/W4317418593"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"System-generated":[0],"random":[1,45],"passwords":[2,19,172],"have":[3],"maximum":[4],"password":[5,33,46,105,125,176],"security":[6,63,166],"and":[7,62,93,135],"are":[8,22],"highly":[9],"resistant":[10],"to":[11,24,47,58,77,100,122],"guessing":[12],"attacks.":[13],"However,":[14],"few":[15,41],"systems":[16],"use":[17,131],"such":[18],"because":[20],"they":[21],"difficult":[23],"remember.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27],"paper,":[28],"we":[29],"propose":[30],"a":[31,44,54,111,123],"system-initiated":[32],"scheme":[34],"called":[35],"\"Surpass\"":[36],"that":[37,87],"lets":[38],"users":[39],"replace":[40],"characters":[42],"in":[43,79,107,114,150,165],"make":[48],"it":[49],"more":[50],"memorable.":[51],"We":[52],"conducted":[53],"large-scale":[55],"online":[56],"study":[57,84,155],"evaluate":[59],"the":[60,69,102,115,130,138,174],"usability":[61],"of":[64,71,117,132],"four":[65],"Surpass":[66,89,139,160],"policies,":[67],"varying":[68],"number":[70],"character":[72,95],"replacements":[73,143],"allowed":[74],"from":[75],"1":[76],"4":[78,94],"randomly-generated":[80,104],"8-character":[81],"passwords.":[82,119],"The":[83],"results":[85],"suggest":[86],"some":[88],"policies":[90],"(with":[91],"3":[92],"replacements)":[96],"outperform":[97],"by":[98],"11%":[99],"13%":[101],"original":[103],"policy":[106,127,140,161],"memorability,":[108],"while":[109],"showing":[110],"small":[112],"increase":[113],"percentage":[116],"cracked":[118,171],"When":[120],"compared":[121],"user-generated":[124,175],"complexity":[126],"(that":[128],"mandates":[129],"numbers,":[133],"symbols,":[134],"uppercase":[136],"letters)":[137],"with":[141,168],"4-character":[142],"did":[144],"not":[145],"show":[146],"statistically":[147],"significant":[148,163],"inferiority":[149],"memorability.":[151],"Our":[152],"qualitative":[153],"lab":[154],"showed":[156],"similar":[157],"trends.":[158],"This":[159],"demonstrated":[162],"superiority":[164],"though,":[167],"21%":[169],"fewer":[170],"than":[173],"policy.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
