{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2293871667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2807699","title":"RAW 2014","display_name":"RAW 2014","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2293871667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2807699","mag":"2293871667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2807699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2807699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112809824","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","issn_l":"1936-7406","issn":["1936-7406","1936-7414"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060193481","display_name":"Michael Raitza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2370-4054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Raitza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, N\u00f6thnitzer Stra\u03b2e, Dresden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2370-4054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, N\u00f6thnitzer Stra\u03b2e, Dresden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029891819","display_name":"Markus Vogt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Vogt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Christian Hochberger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Hochberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080637249","display_name":"Thilo Pionteck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6518-1226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thilo Pionteck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060193481"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3744,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70946345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8235585689544678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.7041098475456238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6048485040664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.4910712242126465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-block","display_name":"Logic block","score":0.41965702176094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4178123474121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.36068296432495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.13789814710617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.126499742269516}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8235585689544678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.7041098475456238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6048485040664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.4910712242126465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778325283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125244","display_name":"Logic block","level":3,"score":0.41965702176094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4178123474121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.36068296432495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.13789814710617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.126499742269516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2807699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2807699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112809824","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","issn_l":"1936-7406","issn":["1936-7406","1936-7414"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:79863","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/79863/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196390","display_name":"TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","host_organization_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Artikel"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W115326044","https://openalex.org/W170084955","https://openalex.org/W1517403092","https://openalex.org/W1540312052","https://openalex.org/W1585651733","https://openalex.org/W1588877666","https://openalex.org/W1717406790","https://openalex.org/W1979731145","https://openalex.org/W1983183408","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2005671831","https://openalex.org/W2016199309","https://openalex.org/W2064772811","https://openalex.org/W2117569617","https://openalex.org/W2128457641","https://openalex.org/W2132979456","https://openalex.org/W2154051034","https://openalex.org/W2167583372","https://openalex.org/W2168154889","https://openalex.org/W2171791775","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W2593332841"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096844293","https://openalex.org/W2363944576","https://openalex.org/W2014521732","https://openalex.org/W2351041855","https://openalex.org/W2024574431","https://openalex.org/W3012528295","https://openalex.org/W2387100797","https://openalex.org/W2570254841","https://openalex.org/W2787072969","https://openalex.org/W1522517392"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Random":[0],"numbers":[1],"are":[2,33],"important":[3],"ingredients":[4],"in":[5,11,39,173],"a":[6,12,122,136,149],"number":[7,29],"of":[8,27,47,69,76,152],"applications.":[9],"Especially":[10],"security":[13],"context,":[14],"they":[15],"must":[16],"be":[17,116,133,185],"well":[18],"distributed":[19],"and":[20,51,80,95,102,158,167,187],"unpredictable.":[21],"We":[22,104,140,179],"investigate":[23,85],"the":[24,63,67,70,177],"practical":[25],"use":[26],"random":[28],"generators":[30],"(RNGs)":[31],"that":[32,129,143],"built":[34],"from":[35,57],"digital":[36],"elements":[37],"found":[38],"FPGAs.":[40,190],"For":[41],"this,":[42],"we":[43,84],"implement":[44],"different":[45,86],"types":[46],"ring":[48],"oscillators":[49],"(ROs)":[50],"memory":[52],"collision-based":[53],"circuits":[54],"on":[55,62,189],"FPGAs":[56],"major":[58],"vendors.":[59],"Implementing":[60],"RNGs":[61,131,145,183],"same":[64],"device":[65],"as":[66,109,135],"rest":[68],"system":[71],"benefits":[72],"an":[73,171],"overall":[74],"reduction":[75],"vulnerability":[77],"to":[78,98],"attacks":[79,87],"wire":[81],"tapping.":[82],"Nevertheless,":[83],"by":[88,96,120],"tampering":[89],"with":[90],"power":[91],"supply,":[92],"chip":[93],"temperature,":[94],"exposition":[97],"strong":[99],"magnetic":[100,156],"fields":[101,157],"X-radiation.":[103],"also":[105],"consider":[106],"their":[107],"usability":[108],"massively":[110],"deployed":[111,188],"components,":[112],"whose":[113],"functionality":[114],"cannot":[115,132],"tested":[117],"individually":[118],"anymore,":[119],"conducting":[121],"technology":[123],"invariance":[124],"experiment.":[125],"Our":[126],"experiments":[127],"show":[128,142,180],"BlockRAM-based":[130],"considered":[134],"suitable":[137],"entropy":[138],"source.":[139],"further":[141],"RO-based":[144],"work":[146],"reliably":[147],"under":[148],"wide":[150],"range":[151],"operating":[153],"conditions.":[154],"While":[155],"X-rays":[159],"did":[160],"not":[161],"induce":[162],"any":[163],"notable":[164],"change,":[165],"voltage":[166],"temperature":[168],"variations":[169],"caused":[170],"increase":[172],"propagation":[174],"delays":[175],"within":[176],"circuits.":[178],"how":[181],"reliable":[182],"can":[184],"constructed":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}