{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123296967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2791405.2791463","title":"Prioritization of Classes for Refactoring","display_name":"Prioritization of Classes for Refactoring","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123296967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2791405.2791463","mag":"2123296967"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2791405.2791463","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2791405.2791463","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Women in Computing and Informatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047796614","display_name":"Ruchika Malhotra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3872-6213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruchika Malhotra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer and Information Science, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer and Information Science, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064896366","display_name":"Anuradha Chug","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-4490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I105454292","display_name":"Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University","ror":"https://ror.org/034q1za58","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105454292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anuradha Chug","raw_affiliation_strings":["University School of Information and Communication Technology, GGS IP University, Dwarka, New Delhi-110077, India","University School of Information and Communication Technology, GGS IP University, Dwarka, New Delhi-110077, India#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University School of Information and Communication Technology, GGS IP University, Dwarka, New Delhi-110077, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105454292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University School of Information and Communication Technology, GGS IP University, Dwarka, New Delhi-110077, India#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105454292"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056360481","display_name":"Priyanka Khosla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I105454292","display_name":"Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University","ror":"https://ror.org/034q1za58","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105454292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Priyanka Khosla","raw_affiliation_strings":["University School of Information and Communication Technology, GGS IP University, Dwarka, New Delhi-110077, India","University School of Information and Communication Technology, GGS IP University, Dwarka, New Delhi-110077, India#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University School of Information and Communication Technology, GGS IP University, Dwarka, New Delhi-110077, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105454292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University School of Information and Communication Technology, GGS IP University, Dwarka, New Delhi-110077, India#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105454292"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1229,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9432367,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"228","last_page":"234"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-refactoring","display_name":"Code refactoring","score":0.9666211605072021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7513769268989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-smell","display_name":"Code smell","score":0.7457113265991211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.6104516386985779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5541674494743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5351890325546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-maintenance","display_name":"Software maintenance","score":0.5005402565002441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4967716336250305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4747353494167328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.4639351963996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.44797390699386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-metric","display_name":"Software metric","score":0.44789040088653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.43380624055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.3942870497703552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2836441695690155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24344444274902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13295435905456543}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152752567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116877","display_name":"Code refactoring","level":3,"score":0.9666211605072021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7513769268989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133237599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295111","display_name":"Code smell","level":5,"score":0.7457113265991211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.6104516386985779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5541674494743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5351890325546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101317890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940053","display_name":"Software maintenance","level":4,"score":0.5005402565002441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4967716336250305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4747353494167328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4639351963996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.44797390699386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82214349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657339","display_name":"Software metric","level":5,"score":0.44789040088653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.43380624055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.3942870497703552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2836441695690155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24344444274902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13295435905456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2791405.2791463","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2791405.2791463","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Women in Computing and Informatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74649515","https://openalex.org/W137484997","https://openalex.org/W1525982877","https://openalex.org/W1570488811","https://openalex.org/W1941013187","https://openalex.org/W1969829645","https://openalex.org/W2020453867","https://openalex.org/W2042985341","https://openalex.org/W2047971903","https://openalex.org/W2055986279","https://openalex.org/W2064873664","https://openalex.org/W2072876092","https://openalex.org/W2073792498","https://openalex.org/W2080406045","https://openalex.org/W2103736207","https://openalex.org/W2113322762","https://openalex.org/W2121866145","https://openalex.org/W2139706233","https://openalex.org/W2146134503","https://openalex.org/W2153887189","https://openalex.org/W2157543803","https://openalex.org/W2158864412","https://openalex.org/W2164030845","https://openalex.org/W4247539077","https://openalex.org/W4248246332"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2780981476","https://openalex.org/W2088986462","https://openalex.org/W3166181464","https://openalex.org/W2955607951","https://openalex.org/W2946499381","https://openalex.org/W2187939805","https://openalex.org/W125071098","https://openalex.org/W2517910349","https://openalex.org/W2015418718","https://openalex.org/W2091064206"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bad":[0],"Smells":[1],"are":[2,143,162],"certain":[3,58,146],"structures":[4],"in":[5,31,53,145,229,236],"the":[6,10,15,23,32,37,51,64,68,75,84,93,138,172,189,203,210,227,230,246],"software":[7,16,38,52,69,248],"which":[8,34,87],"violates":[9],"design":[11,99,214],"principles":[12,185],"and":[13,47,121,126,130,213],"ruin":[14],"quality.":[17,39,249],"In":[18,74],"order":[19],"to":[20,44,57,66,82,136,148,170,200,225,234],"deals":[21],"with":[22],"bad":[24,94,211],"smells,":[25],"often":[26],"refactoring":[27,90,178,198],"treatment":[28,199],"is":[29,134],"provided":[30],"code":[33,190],"further":[35,163],"improves":[36],"However,":[40],"it's":[41],"not":[42],"possible":[43],"refactor":[45],"each":[46,159],"every":[48],"class":[49],"of":[50,61,113,188,202,223],"maintenance":[54],"phase":[55],"due":[56],"deadlines.":[59],"Prioritization":[60],"classes":[62,86,175],"helps":[63],"developer":[65],"identify":[67,83,171],"portions":[70],"requiring":[71,176],"urgent":[72],"refactoring.":[73],"current":[76],"study,":[77],"we":[78],"propose":[79],"a":[80],"framework":[81],"potential":[85],"immediately":[88],"require":[89],"based":[91],"on":[92,105,183],"smells":[95,212],"as":[96,98,165,219],"well":[97,127],"characteristics.":[100,141],"We":[101],"evaluate":[102,137],"our":[103],"approach":[104],"medium":[106],"sized":[107],"open-source":[108],"systems":[109],"ORDrumbox.":[110],"Four":[111],"types":[112],"code-smells":[114],"Feature":[115],"Envy,":[116],"Long":[117],"Method,":[118],"God":[119],"Class":[120],"Type":[122],"Checking":[123],"were":[124],"identified":[125],"known":[128],"Chidamber":[129],"Kemerer":[131],"metric":[132,152],"suite":[133],"used":[135,218],"object":[139],"oriented":[140],"Both":[142],"combined":[144],"ratio":[147],"calculate":[149],"new":[150],"proposed":[151],"Quality":[153],"Depreciation":[154],"Index":[155],"Rule":[156],"(QDIR)":[157],"for":[158],"class.":[160],"Classes":[161],"arranged":[164],"per":[166],"their":[167,238],"QDIR":[168],"values":[169],"severely":[173,204],"affected":[174,205],"immediate":[177],"treatment.":[179],"This":[180],"study":[181],"works":[182],"80:20":[184],"conveying":[186],"80%":[187],"quality":[191],"can":[192,216],"be":[193,217],"improved":[194],"by":[195],"just":[196],"providing":[197],"20%":[201],"classes.":[206],"Results":[207],"reflects":[208],"that":[209],"metrics":[215],"an":[220],"important":[221],"source":[222],"information":[224],"quantify":[226],"flaws":[228],"classes,":[231],"thus":[232],"helpful":[233],"maintainers":[235],"performing":[237],"task":[239],"under":[240],"strict":[241],"time":[242],"constraints":[243],"while":[244],"maintaining":[245],"overall":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
