{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1981919129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2786805.2786817","title":"TLV: abstraction through testing, learning, and validation","display_name":"TLV: abstraction through testing, learning, and validation","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1981919129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2786805.2786817","mag":"1981919129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2786805.2786817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2786805.2786817","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 10th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/4975","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429004","display_name":"Jun Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3545-1392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101552419","display_name":"Hao Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9368-1495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355692","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-9215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072863865","display_name":"Shang\u2010Wei Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9726-3434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shang-Wei Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399","https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042013137","display_name":"Shengchao Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3028-8191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I874055015","display_name":"Teesside University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z28gk75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874055015"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengchao Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Teesside University, UK / Shenzhen University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Teesside University, UK / Shenzhen University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I874055015","https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"698","last_page":"709"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.8814530372619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8464473485946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction-model-checking","display_name":"Abstraction model checking","score":0.6080830097198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5999881029129028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5570590496063232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5166702270507812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4989738464355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4846787750720978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-relationship","display_name":"Spurious relationship","score":0.44164738059043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.43389245867729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4166060984134674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.23597660660743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.23533552885055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21624678373336792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.8814530372619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8464473485946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30888246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4669969","display_name":"Abstraction model checking","level":3,"score":0.6080830097198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5999881029129028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5570590496063232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5166702270507812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4989738464355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4846787750720978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.44164738059043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.43389245867729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4166060984134674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.23597660660743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.23533552885055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21624678373336792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2786805.2786817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2786805.2786817","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 10th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-5978","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/4975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401925","display_name":"Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge (InK) (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2786805.2786817","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://research.tees.ac.uk/ws/oai:openaire/ea48822c-15f0-46c3-a751-aaec892a8afa","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tees.ac.uk/en/publications/ea48822c-15f0-46c3-a751-aaec892a8afa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401198","display_name":"TeesRep (Teesside University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I874055015","host_organization_name":"Teesside University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874055015"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sun, J, Xiao, H, Liu, Y, Lin, S-W & Qin, S 2015, TLV: abstraction through testing, learning, and validation. in ESEC/FSE 2015 Proceedings of the 2015 10th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering. ACM, New York, USA, pp. 698-709 . https://doi.org/10.1145/2786805.2786817","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tees.openrepository.com:10149/594424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10149/594424","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Meetings and Proceedings"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-5978","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/4975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401925","display_name":"Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge (InK) (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2786805.2786817","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G145362022","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/G042322/2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W77946476","https://openalex.org/W197480570","https://openalex.org/W1426978945","https://openalex.org/W1493173186","https://openalex.org/W1497571013","https://openalex.org/W1515421996","https://openalex.org/W1517402704","https://openalex.org/W1529010373","https://openalex.org/W1593110137","https://openalex.org/W1604938182","https://openalex.org/W1720848645","https://openalex.org/W1977585546","https://openalex.org/W1982412359","https://openalex.org/W1983981400","https://openalex.org/W1989218486","https://openalex.org/W1989445634","https://openalex.org/W1992105245","https://openalex.org/W2002655949","https://openalex.org/W2009113169","https://openalex.org/W2010749389","https://openalex.org/W2012997183","https://openalex.org/W2021418918","https://openalex.org/W2044372543","https://openalex.org/W2044590882","https://openalex.org/W2045002320","https://openalex.org/W2047694629","https://openalex.org/W2072000086","https://openalex.org/W2072759773","https://openalex.org/W2074001172","https://openalex.org/W2080001594","https://openalex.org/W2105242166","https://openalex.org/W2107709519","https://openalex.org/W2110908283","https://openalex.org/W2114801793","https://openalex.org/W2119467398","https://openalex.org/W2119824166","https://openalex.org/W2120713211","https://openalex.org/W2124081952","https://openalex.org/W2126446220","https://openalex.org/W2130826964","https://openalex.org/W2142973056","https://openalex.org/W2145020764","https://openalex.org/W2145802904","https://openalex.org/W2147678316","https://openalex.org/W2148177688","https://openalex.org/W2151572669","https://openalex.org/W2158395308","https://openalex.org/W2162284942","https://openalex.org/W2164589933","https://openalex.org/W2295903414","https://openalex.org/W2337548567","https://openalex.org/W2399231848","https://openalex.org/W2913459036","https://openalex.org/W4242057943"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W278680301","https://openalex.org/W2077408436","https://openalex.org/W2144996318","https://openalex.org/W2003959877","https://openalex.org/W2106098610","https://openalex.org/W2020735442","https://openalex.org/W1991474412","https://openalex.org/W2151629759","https://openalex.org/W2348940122","https://openalex.org/W2154822190"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"(Java)":[1],"class":[2,42,62],"provides":[3],"a":[4,64,104,134,145,172,180],"service":[5,16],"to":[6,38,54,94,119,144,160],"its":[7,44],"clients":[8],"(i.e.,":[9,74,78],"programs":[10,184],"which":[11,88],"use":[12,122],"the":[13,33,41,60,108,121,152,168],"class).":[14],"The":[15,69,129,155,191],"must":[17],"satisfy":[18],"certain":[19],"specifications.":[20],"Different":[21],"specifications":[22],"might":[23],"be":[24,72,161],"expected":[25],"at":[26,63],"different":[27],"levels":[28],"of":[29,59,67,107,123,136,148,182],"abstraction":[30,58,70,109,130,149,157,197],"depending":[31,150],"on":[32,113,151],"client's":[34],"objective.":[35],"In":[36],"order":[37],"effectively":[39],"contrast":[40],"against":[43],"specifications,":[45],"whether":[46],"manually":[47],"or":[48],"automatically,":[49],"one":[50],"essential":[51],"step":[52],"is":[53,100,110,131,158],"automatically":[55],"construct":[56],"an":[57,85,96],"given":[61],"proper":[65],"level":[66,147],"abstraction.":[68,97],"should":[71],"correct":[73,162],"over-approximating)":[75],"and":[76,92,115,142,163,176,201],"accurate":[77],"with":[79,138,179],"few":[80],"spurious":[81],"traces).":[82],"We":[83,165],"present":[84],"automatic":[86],"approach,":[87],"combines":[89],"testing,":[90],"learning,":[91],"validation,":[93],"constructing":[95],"Our":[98],"approach":[99,170],"designed":[101],"such":[102],"that":[103,194],"large":[105],"part":[106],"generated":[111,132,156],"based":[112],"testing":[114],"learning":[116],"so":[117],"as":[118,185,187],"minimize":[120],"heavy-weight":[124],"techniques":[125],"like":[126],"symbolic":[127],"execution.":[128],"through":[133],"process":[135],"abstraction/refinement,":[137],"no":[139],"user":[140],"input,":[141],"converges":[143],"specific":[146],"usage":[153],"context.":[154],"guaranteed":[159],"accurate.":[164],"have":[166],"implemented":[167],"proposed":[169],"in":[171],"toolkit":[173],"named":[174],"TLV":[175,178,195],"evaluated":[177],"number":[181],"benchmark":[183],"well":[186],"three":[188],"real-world":[189],"ones.":[190],"results":[192],"show":[193],"generates":[196],"for":[198],"program":[199],"analysis":[200],"verification":[202],"more":[203],"efficiently.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}